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Positive ion composition measurements obtained with rocket-borne mass spectrometers in the lower ionosphere are presented. The current situation regarding the water cluster ions in the D region is considered. Evidence is given in favor of an ambient instead of a contamination origin for the water cluster ions, although the exact processes for the formation of these ions in the atmosphere are still not definitely established. A theory is discussed whereby water cluster ions may be created through the ionization of small water conglomerates, which are assumed both to be present in the mesosphere and to have very low ionization thresholds. (Author).
This bibliography lists all AFCRL in-house reports, journal articles, and contractor reports issued during the reporting period. The DD Form 1473 (Document Control Data - R & D) for each publication is included. In Part I, the 1473's for in-house reports are arranged numerically by the series in which they were issued: in Part II, the 1473's for journal articles are arranged alphabetically by author; in Part III, the 1473's for contractor reports are arranged alphabetically by corporate author. For cross-reference purposes, an index is included, listing the publications numerically by the AFCRL document number.
This report presents an objective discussion of the importance of the atmospheric/solar-terrestrial system to national energy programs. A brief sketch is given of the solar-terrestrial environment, extending from the earth's surface to the sun. Processes in this natural system influence several energy activities directly or indirectly, and some present and potential energy activities can influence the natural system. It is not yet possible to assess the two-way interactions quantitatively or to evaluate the economic impact. An investment by the Department of Energy (DOE) in a long-range basic research program would be an important part of the department's mission. Existing programs by other agencies in this area of research are reviewed, and a compatible DOE program is outlined.
A COSPAR-sponsored Symposium on Solar Particle Events was held at Boston College at Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts on 16, 17, and 18 June 1971. The purpose of the symposium was to present measurements and observations made during the November 1969 Solar Proton Event. This particular event was unique in that extensive solar, magnetospheric and aeronomic measurements by rocket, satellite and ground based techniques were made to provide a comprehensive picture of the phenomenology and morphology of this event. In addition, present knowledge of solar proton events and their effects on the polar ionosphere was reviewed and discussed. This included theoretical studies as well as results from investigations of other solar proton events. The symposium comprised invited as well as contributed papers. A total of 49 papers presented at the symposium are included in these proceedings.
This book contains the lecmres presented at the Summer Advanced Study Institute, 'Physics and Chemistry of Upper Atmospheres' which was held at the University of Orleans, Orleans, France, during the period July 31 through August 11,1972. One hundred thirty nine persons from 14 different countries attended the Institute. The authors and the publisher have made a special effort for rapid publication of an up-to-date status of the particles, fields, and processes in the earth's magnetosphere, which is an ever changing area. Special thanks are due to the lecturers for their diligent preparation and excellent presentations. The individual lectures and the published papers were deliberately limited; the authors' cooperation in conforming to these specifications is greatly appreciated. The contents of the book are organized by sub ject area rather than in the order in which papers were presented during the Institute. Many thanks are due to Warren Berning, Donald M. Hunten, Edward Llewellyn, J. Ortner, Henry Rishbeth, Harold I Schiff, Lance Thomas, Alister Vallance Jones, and Gilbert Weill, who served as session chairmen during the Institute and contributed greatly to its success by skillfully directing the discussion period in a stimulating manner after each lecture.
Comprehensive description of physical, plasma and chemical processes controlling ionospheres for scientists and graduate students.
Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts, which has appeared in semi-annual volumes since 1969, is de voted to the recording, summarizing and indexing of astronomical publications throughout the world. It is prepared under the auspices of the International Astronomical Union (according to a resolution adopted at the 14th General Assembly in 1970). Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts aims to present a comprehensive documentation of literature in all fields of astronomy and astrophysics. Every effort will be made to ensure that the average time interval between the date of receipt of the original literature and publication of the abstracts will not exceed eight months. This time interval is near to that achieved by monthly abstracting journals, com pared to which our system of accumulating abstracts for about six months offers the advantage of greater convenience for the user. Volume 20 contains literature published in 1977 and received before February 20, 1978; some older literature which was received late and which is not recorded in earlier volumes is also included. We acknowledge with thanks contributions to this volume by Dr. J. BouSka, Prague, who surveyed journals and publications in Czech and supplied us with abstracts in English, and by Prof. P. Brosche, Bonn, who supplied us with literature concerning some border fields of astronomy.