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The thesis investigates a polymeric laminate consisting of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) experimentally and numerically with regard to its impact behaviour and applicability. After a basic characterization of the monolithic materials, PMMA-TPU-PMMA laminates were subjected to impact loadings at velocities up to 5 m/s using threepoint bending and dart impact tests. Based on the experimental basis, different material models for the Finite Element simulation are presented, which are able to capture the time and temperature dependent behaviour of the laminate. Final validation experiments, consisting of head-dummy impacts at 10 m/s on automotive side windows, were conducted for PMMA and the laminate in order to investigate their applicability as glass substitution products.
Laminated safety glass enables the safe construction of transparent structures. The mechanical behaviour depends on the polymeric interlayer both in the intact and in the post fracture state. In the present work, the mechanical behaviour of ethylene vinyl acetate-based (EVA) and ionoplastic interlayers is investigated for the intact laminated safety glass condition. In particular, the influence of the semi-crystalline structure on the stiffness behaviour is studied with X-Ray Diffraction, Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Dynamic-Mechanical-Thermal-Analysis. The studies on the mechanical behaviour of the interlayer in the fractured laminated safety glass were carried out with polyvinyl butyral-based (PVB) interlayers. First, the temperature and frequency (time) dependent linearity limits are determined in Dynamic-Mechanical-Thermal-Analyses, second, the nonlinear viscoelastic material behaviour is investigated with tensile relaxation tests at different temperatures and strain levels.
A requirement for the safe design of thermoplastic parts is the ability to precisely predict mechanical behaviour by finite element simulations. Typical examples include the engineering of relevant components in automotive applications. For this purpose adequate material models are essential. In this context, the present work introduces a material modelling approach for short fibre reinforced thermoplastics (SFRTPs). SFRTP parts are processed cost-effectively by injection moulding and show a varying degree of anisotropy due to the locally inhomogeneous fibre distributions that arise during the moulding process. The presented material model considers linear-elastic behaviour and non-linear orthotropic stress-state dependent viscoplastic deformation for arbitrary fibre distributions. The constitutive equations are verified with the experiments of a PPGF30 material regarding different stress-states and orientations.
The book deals with the stochastic strength of glass and the application to the automotive windscreen. A finite element model is derived. This is then validated using known phenomena in connection with the fracture behaviour of glass. After the strength of a windscreen has been intensively investigated, experiments with wind windscreen, experiments with windscreens are simulated by means of the model. Finally, the probability of a pedestrian suffering a head injury on impact with a windscreen is predicted. of a pedestrian hitting a windscreen is predicted, taking into account the stochastic breakage behaviour of glass. Up to now, this has not been taken into account in EuroNCAP crash tests, for example.
A statistical modelling method for simulating the fracture behaviour of acrylic glass is presented using the application case of an automotive rear side window. The collection of the necessary measurement data and their analysis is described. The aim is to give guidance to users of comparable materials. Finally, the model is integrated into the finite element simulation of a head impact test of the pane. Based on the resulting spread of the head injury criterion, the relevance of a statistical material characterisation for product safety is discussed.
Basic Fundamentals of Drug Delivery covers the fundamental principles, advanced methodologies and technologies employed by pharmaceutical scientists, researchers and pharmaceutical industries to transform a drug candidate or new chemical entity into a final administrable drug delivery system. The book also covers various approaches involved in optimizing the therapeutic performance of a biomolecule while designing its appropriate advanced formulation. - Provides up-to-date information on translating the physicochemical properties of drugs into drug delivery systems - Explores how drugs are administered via various routes, such as orally, parenterally, transdermally or through inhalation - Contains extensive references and further reading for course and self-study