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Thoreau wrote Civil Disobedience in 1849. It argues the superiority of the individual conscience over acquiescence to government. Thoreau was inspired to write in response to slavery and the Mexican-American war. He believed that people could not be made agents of injustice if they were governed by their own consciences.
The book shows that civil disobedience is generally more defensible than private conscientious objection. Part I explores the morality of conviction and conscience. Each of these concepts informs a distinct argument for civil disobedience. The conviction argument begins with the communicative principle of conscientiousness (CPC). According to the CPC, having a conscientious moral conviction means not just acting consistently with our beliefs and judging ourselves and others by a common moral standard. It also means not seeking to evade the consequences of our beliefs and being willing to communicate them to others. The conviction argument shows that, as a constrained, communicative practice, civil disobedience has a better claim than private objection does to the protections that liberal societies give to conscientious dissent. This view reverses the standard liberal picture which sees private 'conscientious' objection as a modest act of personal belief and civil disobedience as a strategic, undemocratic act whose costs are only sometimes worth bearing. The conscience argument is narrower and shows that genuinely morally responsive civil disobedience honours the best of our moral responsibilities and is protected by a duty-based moral right of conscience. Part II translates the conviction argument and conscience argument into two legal defences. The first is a demands-of-conviction defence. The second is a necessity defence. Both of these defences apply more readily to civil disobedience than to private disobedience. Part II also examines lawful punishment, showing that, even when punishment is justifiable, civil disobedients have a moral right not to be punished. Oxford Legal Philosophy publishes the best new work in philosophically-oriented legal theory. It commissions and solicits monographs in all branches of the subject, including works on philosophical issues in all areas of public and private law, and in the national, transnational, and international realms; studies of the nature of law, legal institutions, and legal reasoning; treatments of problems in political morality as they bear on law; and explorations in the nature and development of legal philosophy itself. The series represents diverse traditions of thought but always with an emphasis on rigour and originality. It sets the standard in contemporary jurisprudence.
Henry David Thoreau's Walden is a philosophical treatise that documents the author's experiences living alone in the woods for two years, two months, and two days. Through his observations of nature, human society, and his own self, Thoreau explores themes of individualism, self-reliance, and the importance of simplicity. In Walden, Thoreau argues that people should simplify their lives and focus on the essentials. He believes that living in harmony with nature and minimizing one's material possessions can lead to a more fulfilling life. Thoreau also critiques societal norms and institutions, such as the government and the education system, which he believes stifle creativity and individual thought. Thoreau's writing style in Walden is poetic and reflective, often blurring the line between fact and fiction. He uses his experiences in the woods as a lens through which to examine deeper philosophical questions, such as the meaning of life and the role of the individual in society. In On the Duty of Civil Disobedience, Henry David Thoreau argues that individuals have a moral obligation to resist unjust laws and government actions through nonviolent means. Thoreau's ideas about civil disobedience were influential in the movements for civil rights and social justice in the 20th century. Thoreau believes that individuals should not blindly obey the law, but instead use their own judgement to determine what is right and wrong. He argues that a person's conscience should take precedence over the law, and that disobedience can be a powerful tool for effecting change. Thoreau's essay is particularly critical of the United States government and its actions, including the Mexican-American War and the institution of slavery. He argues that individuals have a duty to resist these injustices, even if it means breaking the law. Despite his advocacy for civil disobedience, Thoreau emphasizes the importance of nonviolence. He argues that violence only begets more violence, and that peaceful resistance can be more effective in creating lasting change. On the Duty of Civil Disobedience is a powerful statement about the importance of individual conscience and the need to resist injustice. Thoreau's ideas about civil disobedience continue to inspire activists and advocates for social justice today.
'Walden And On The Duty Of Civil Disobedience'' is written by Sir Henry David Thoreau. The main idea of this book by Henry David Thoreau is to find the meaning of life. The author set out to think about himself, life, and the place of man in the universe. In this book, Thoreau made the case that if the government forces people to uphold injustice by adhering to "unjust laws," they should "break the law," even if doing so results in jail time. In Civil Disobedience, Thoreau's central thesis is that there is a law that transcends civil law that everyone must abide by. The government and human law are subordinate. The person must behave in accordance with his conscience and, if necessary, reject human law when the two conflict. To read this premium collection of law and to discuss the meaning of life, readers should read this book!
Though now best remembered as the creator of the character Tarzan, Edgar Rice Burroughs was a prolific writer of science fiction and fantasy tales. This novel is the third entry in Burroughs' Caspak trilogy, following The Land That Time Forgot and The People That Time Forgot. Filled with more tantalizing details about the fantastical world the novels describe, this volume also delves into the science behind the story, positing a feasible evolutionary account for the survival of dinosaurs and other prehistoric flora and fauna on a remote island.
Henri David Thoreau was an American writer, philosopher, publicist, naturalist, and poet. He prominently represented American transcendentalism throughout the mid-1800s. Thoreau’s love and observations of nature played a significant role in his writings, often forming the basis for critiques on modern society. As a naturalist, he advocated for the conservation of nature. Thoreau encouraged individual, passive, non-violent as a means of resistance to public evils. He personally supported the abolitionist movement and, as much as possible, took an active interest in the fate of fugitive slaves who were sought by the police. His essay "On the Duty of Civil Disobedience" (1849) influenced Leo Tolstoy, Gandhi, and Martin Luther King. Thoreau’s key ideas and observations are contained in these collected works.
The theory and practice of civil disobedience has once again taken on import, given recent events. Considering widespread dissatisfaction with normal political mechanisms, even in well-established liberal democracies, civil disobedience remains hugely important, as a growing number of individuals and groups pursue political action. 'Digital disobedients', Black Lives Matter protestors, Extinction Rebellion climate change activists, Hong Kong activists resisting the PRC's authoritarian clampdown...all have practiced civil disobedience. In this Companion, an interdisciplinary group of scholars reconsiders civil disobedience from many perspectives. Whether or not civil disobedience works, and what is at stake when protestors describe their acts as civil disobedience, is systematically examined, as are the legacies and impact of Henry Thoreau, Mahatma Gandhi, and Martin Luther King.