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Several important problems arising in Physics, Di?erential Geometry and other n topics lead to consider semilinear variational elliptic equations on R and a great deal of work has been devoted to their study. From the mathematical point of view, the main interest relies on the fact that the tools of Nonlinear Functional Analysis, based on compactness arguments, in general cannot be used, at least in a straightforward way, and some new techniques have to be developed. n On the other hand, there are several elliptic problems on R which are p- turbative in nature. In some cases there is a natural perturbation parameter, like inthe bifurcationfromthe essentialspectrum orinsingularlyperturbed equations or in the study of semiclassical standing waves for NLS. In some other circ- stances, one studies perturbations either because this is the ?rst step to obtain global results or else because it often provides a correct perspective for further global studies. For these perturbation problems a speci?c approach,that takes advantage of such a perturbative setting, seems the most appropriate. These abstract tools are provided by perturbation methods in critical point theory. Actually, it turns out that such a framework can be used to handle a large variety of equations, usually considered di?erent in nature. Theaimofthismonographistodiscusstheseabstractmethodstogetherwith their applications to several perturbation problems, whose common feature is to n involve semilinear Elliptic Partial Di?erential Equations on R with a variational structure.
This work aims to be of interest to those who have to work with differential equations and acts either as a reference or as a book to learn from. The authors have made the treatment self-contained.
Inverse boundary problems are a rapidly developing area of applied mathematics with applications throughout physics and the engineering sciences. However, the mathematical theory of inverse problems remains incomplete and needs further development to aid in the solution of many important practical problems. Inverse Boundary Spectral Problems develop a rigorous theory for solving several types of inverse problems exactly. In it, the authors consider the following: "Can the unknown coefficients of an elliptic partial differential equation be determined from the eigenvalues and the boundary values of the eigenfunctions?" Along with this problem, many inverse problems for heat and wave equations are solved. The authors approach inverse problems in a coordinate invariant way, that is, by applying ideas drawn from differential geometry. To solve them, they apply methods of Riemannian geometry, modern control theory, and the theory of localized wave packets, also known as Gaussian beams. The treatment includes the relevant background of each of these areas. Although the theory of inverse boundary spectral problems has been in development for at least 10 years, until now the literature has been scattered throughout various journals. This self-contained monograph summarizes the relevant concepts and the techniques useful for dealing with them.
These proceedings from the Symposium on Functional Analysis explore advances in the usually separate areas of semigroups of operators and evolution equations, geometry of Banach spaces and operator ideals, and Frechet spaces with applications in partial differential equations.
The series is devoted to the publication of high-level monographs which cover the whole spectrum of current nonlinear analysis and applications in various fields, such as optimization, control theory, systems theory, mechanics, engineering, and other sciences. One of its main objectives is to make available to the professional community expositions of results and foundations of methods that play an important role in both the theory and applications of nonlinear analysis. Contributions which are on the borderline of nonlinear analysis and related fields and which stimulate further research at the crossroads of these areas are particularly welcome. Please submit book proposals to Jürgen Appell.
Non-linear elliptic partial differential equations are an important tool in the study of Riemannian metrics in differential geometry, in particular for problems concerning the conformal change of metrics in Riemannian geometry. In recent years the role played by the second order semi-linear elliptic equations in the study of Gaussian curvature and scalar curvature has been extended to a family of fully non-linear elliptic equations associated with other symmetric functions of the Ricci tensor. A case of particular interest is the second symmetric function of the Ricci tensor in dimension four closely related to the Pfaffian. In these lectures, starting from the background material, the author reviews the problem of prescribing Gaussian curvature on compact surfaces. She then develops the analytic tools (e.g., higher order conformal invariant operators, Sobolev inequalities, blow-up analysis) in order to solve a fully nonlinear equation in prescribing the Chern-Gauss-Bonnet integrand on compact manifolds of dimension four. The material is suitable for graduate students and research mathematicians interested in geometry, topology, and differential equations.
Working in the fractional Laplace framework, this book provides models and theorems related to nonlocal diffusion phenomena. In addition to a simple probabilistic interpretation, some applications to water waves, crystal dislocations, nonlocal phase transitions, nonlocal minimal surfaces and Schrödinger equations are given. Furthermore, an example of an s-harmonic function, its harmonic extension and some insight into a fractional version of a classical conjecture due to De Giorgi are presented. Although the aim is primarily to gather some introductory material concerning applications of the fractional Laplacian, some of the proofs and results are new. The work is entirely self-contained, and readers who wish to pursue related subjects of interest are invited to consult the rich bibliography for guidance.