Download Free On High Energy Cosmic Rays From The Cream Instrument Book in PDF and EPUB Free Download. You can read online On High Energy Cosmic Rays From The Cream Instrument and write the review.

Abstract: The Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass (CREAM) experiment is a balloon-borne, high energy particle detector designed to measure cosmic ray nuclei from protons through Iron at energies up to 1015 eV. It has succeeded in measuring this broad range of charge and energy through multiple Antarctic flights, data from the first of which will be presented here, using complementary charge and energy detectors. These included a Timing Charge Detector (TCD), a Transition Radiation Detector (TRD), a Silicon Charge Detector (SCD), and a Calorimeter. The TRD and Calorimeter provide both tracking and an energy determination. The TCD and SCD provide excellent charge resolution, of order 0.2 e. Together, these have enabled us to construct absolute spectra for individual primary nuclei, Carbon, Oxygen, Neon, Magnesium, Silicon, and Iron, as well as the less abundant secondary, Nitrogen. Our spectra agree well with previous measurements, and for several nuclei extend to the highest energies yet measured. The well-resolved charge species have also permitted us to form the secondary to primary ratios of Boron to Carbon and Nitrogen to Oxygen, also up to the highest energies measured and in agreement with previous data. Since charged particles like cosmic rays bend in magnetic fields which permeate our galaxy, traditional pointing astronomy is not possible. Instead, we use the spectra and ratios to provide us with clues to cosmic rays' origins, acceleration mechanism, and propagation history. In particular, the CREAM I Boron to Carbon ratio fits a propagation model with index of [delta] = 0.5 - 0.6 while the CREAM II primary nuclei spectra all have an index of 2.66 " 0.04. This last suggests that they all have the same acceleration mechanism, and after accounting for propagation energy loss consistent with the Boron to Carbon ratio, that the mechanism is likely Fermi first order acceleration. Finally, Nitrogen serves as a particularly useful test bed for these findings. Its ratio with Oxygen is consistent with a small amount of Nitrogen existing in the cosmic ray source, ~ 10% with respect to the source's Oxygen content, given propagation conditions again based on the Boron to Carbon ratio. At the highest energies, this source flux is seen, as expected, to emerge over the secondary flux in the Nitrogen spectrum itself.
Offers an accessible text and reference (a cosmic-ray manual) for graduate students entering the field and high-energy astrophysicists will find this an accessible cosmic-ray manual Easy to read for the general astronomer, the first part describes the standard model of cosmic rays based on our understanding of modern particle physics. Presents the acceleration scenario in some detail in supernovae explosions as well as in the passage of cosmic rays through the Galaxy. Compares experimental data in the atmosphere as well as underground are compared with theoretical models
Cosmic ray physics has recently attracted a great deal of attention from the high energy physics community because of the discovery of new sources and the advent of new techniques. The result of a series of lectures prepared for graduate students and postdoctoral researchers, this book is a general introduction to experimental techniques and results in the field of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays. It succinctly summarizes the rapidly developing field, and provides modern results that include data from newer detectors. Combining experiment and theory, the text explores the results of a single, easy-to-understand experiment to tie together various issues involved in the physics of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays.
This book discusses various aspects of cosmic ray physics and astrophysics. Also discussed herein are answers to those astrophysical and cosmic ray questions which are essential for understanding of the subject, such as description of the Universe and of some astrophysical objects, a brief history of cosmic ray investigation, the peculiarities of detection of cosmic rays at various energy bands, a list of arrays for an ultra-high-energy-cosmic-ray investigation and GZK-effect.
This revised edition provides an up-to-date summary of the field of ultra-high energy cosmic rays, dealing with their origin, propagation, and composition,. The authors reflect the enormous strides made since the first edition in the realm of experimental work, in particular the use of vastly improved, more sensitive and precise detectors. The level remains introductory and pedagogical, suitable for students and researchers interested in moving into this exciting field. Throughout the text, the authors focus on giving an introductory overview of the key physics issues, followed by a clear and concise description of experimental approaches and current results. Key Features: Updates the most coherent summary of the field available, with new text that provides the reader with clear historical context. Brand new discussion of contemporary space-based experiments and ideas for extending ground-based detectors. Completely new discussion of radio detection methods. Includes a new chapter on small to intermediate-scale anisotropy. Offers new sections on modern hadronic models and software packages to simulate showers.
Cosmic rays consist of elementary particles with enormous energy which originate from outside our solar system and constantly hit the Earth’s atmosphere. Where do these cosmic rays originate? How does nature accelerate the cosmic-ray particles to energies with orders of magnitude beyond the limits of manmade particle accelerators? What can we learn by measuring the interactions of the cosmic rays with the atmosphere? Digital radio-antenna arrays offer a promising, complementary measurement method for high-energy cosmic rays. This thesis reports on substantial advances in the development of the radio technique, which will be used to address these questions in future experiments.
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, Ettore Majorana Centre, Erice, Sicily, Italy, June 20-30, 1982
Cosmic Rays is a two-part book that first elucidates the discovery, nature, and particles produced by cosmic rays. This part also looks into the primary cosmic radiation; radio waves from the galaxy; extensive air showers; origin of cosmic rays; and other cosmic radiations. Part 2 consists of reprinted papers involving cosmic rays. Papers 1 to 10 treat the nature of the radiation, arranged chronologically; in Papers 11 to 16 the scene moves away from the Earth.