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This book analyzes the 2018 and 2019 men's and women's World Cups to understand how the use of Video Assistant Referees (VAR) affected each tournament. Unlike goal technology, where the decision is entirely left to the machine's algorithm, the VAR still has a human component, making it prone to errors and controversies. Building on the theories of justice, the book quantitatively reviews event-level data while using a historical perspective to depict a novel approach to the effects of VAR in major soccer tournaments. The six chapters examine the use of VAR, discuss when it was not used (but maybe should have been used), and explore how the World Cup evolved with the new technology. Combining the VAR events of 2018 and 2019 with comparable situations from past World Cups guides the reader into debating the meaning of justice and the potential of ever achieving fairness in soccer.
Focusing on an effectiveness-driven approach to management in the human services, Rino J. Patti's The Handbook of Human Services Management, Second Edition explores the latest information on practice innovations, theoretical perspectives, and empirical research to provide an essential perspective on what managers do to create and sustain organizations that deliver high quality, effective services to consumers. Offering the most comprehensive coverage of human services management available today, this second edition includes 24 chapters authored by distinguished practitioners and scholars in human services management: 10 that are entirely new and 14 that have been extensively revised. The Handbook is accompanied by an Instructor's Manual.
This book constitutes selected papers from the refereed proceedings of the 14th International Workshop on Rewriting Logic and Its Applications, WRLA 2022, held in Munich, Germany, in April 2022. The 9 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 13 submissions. They focus on topics in rewriting logic and its applications. The book also contains 2 invited papers, 2 invited tutorials and an experience report.
Global Perspectives on the Rule of Law presents original work from a panel of leading social scientists and legal scholars on the relationship between the rule of law and economic and political development.
For a long time, various different lobbying sectors have claimed that the use of video technology is an effective aid in decision-making. Now the IFAB has taken a historic step in the approval of experiments on the use of video to provide support to football refereeing. The Use of Video Technologies in Refereeing Football and Other Sports analyses the capacity of audio-visual technology from different perspectives to help understand the best implementation of the Video Assistant Referee (VAR) system in football and, more generally, in other sports. This book addresses in-depth interdisciplinary viewpoints on the need and the opportunity of the implementation procedures regarding how to use it, considering that it could lead to very important changes. The book goes on to examine various approaches to the most interesting topics for players, amateurs, coaches, referees and referees coaches. Offering viewpoints from both academics and professionals, this new volume addresses the VAR issue in a multidisciplinary way, analysing the implications of video replay application in football from the perspective of players, coaches, television professionals, referees, amateurs, sports lawyers, media and educators.