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Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) devastate many crop plants, causing billions of dollars in agricultural losses each year. Effective management methods to combat PPNs are synthetic nematicides, but most are non-specific and notoriously toxic and threaten the soil ecosystem, groundwater and human health. The plant by-products, such as oilseed cakes, are sources of bioactive compounds with nematicidal potential. Oilseed cakes are an excellent organic fertilizer, and their bioactive compounds are now gaining importance as they are safe for the environment. This book provides the most comprehensive and up-to-date review of research on the use of oilseed cakes against PPNs. The complete knowledge of better uses of oilseed cakes for nematode management is necessary for developing effective nematode control options to reduce yield loss. Key features: • Describes plant by-products such as oilseed cakes and their potential applications • Explores bioactive compounds from oilseed cakes for agricultural biofertilization and nematicidal activity • Discusses nematode management in vegetable, fruit and legume crops • Covers the use of oilseed cakes and management of the associated challenges This volume is designed and edited to serve as an invaluable resource text for readers associated with plant nematology, plant pathology, plant protection and agricultural science, including researchers, teachers, advanced undergraduates and graduate students and even agricultural extension agents and farmers.
Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) devastate many crop plants, causing billions of dollars in agricultural losses each year. Effective management methods to combat PPNs are synthetic nematicides, but most are non-specific and notoriously toxic and threaten the soil ecosystem, groundwater and human health. The plant by-products, such as oilseed cakes, are sources of bioactive compounds with nematicidal potential. Oilseed cakes are an excellent organic fertilizer, and their bioactive compounds are now gaining importance as they are safe for the environment. This book provides the most comprehensive and up-to-date review of research on the use of oilseed cakes against PPNs. The complete knowledge of better uses of oilseed cakes for nematode management is necessary for developing effective nematode control options to reduce yield loss. Key features: • Describes plant by-products such as oilseed cakes and their potential applications • Explores bioactive compounds from oilseed cakes for agricultural biofertilization and nematicidal activity • Discusses nematode management in vegetable, fruit and legume crops • Covers the use of oilseed cakes and management of the associated challenges This volume is designed and edited to serve as an invaluable resource text for readers associated with plant nematology, plant pathology, plant protection and agricultural science, including researchers, teachers, advanced undergraduates and graduate students and even agricultural extension agents and farmers.
The rapidly growing human population has increased the dependence on fossil fuel based agrochemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides to produce the required agricultural and forestry products. This has exerted a great pressure on the non renewable fossil fuel resources, which cannot last indefinitely. Besides, indiscriminate use ofpesticides for pests (weeds, insects, nematodes, pathogens) control has resulted in serious ecological and environmental problems viz. , (A) Increasing incidence of resistance in pest organisms to important pesticides. (B) Shift in pests population, particulary in weeds and insects. In weeds, species that are more closely related to the crops they infest have developed. In insects, scenario is most grim, the predators have been killed and minor insect pests have become major pests and require very heavy doses ofhighly toxic insecticides for their control. (C) Greater environmental pollution and health hazards (a) particularly from contamination of surface and underground drinking water resources and (b) from their inhalation during handling and application. (D) Toxic residues of pesticides pollute the environment and may prove hazardous to even our future generations. (E) Some agricultural commodities may contain minute quantities ofpesticides residues, with long tenn adverse effects on human and livestock health. Therefore, serious ecological questions about the reliance on pesticides for pests control has been raised. The use of fertilizers, besides causing environmental problems has also impoverished the soil health and decreased the beneficial soil fauna. For example, in some major crop rotations viz.
Nematodes continue to threaten horticultural crops throughout the world, particularly in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Estimated overall average annual yield loss of the world’s major horticultural crops due to damage by plant parasitic nematodes is 13.54%. Monetary losses due to nematodes on 10 horticultural crops, six of which are life sustaining were estimated at US $ 19.37 billion annually based on 1984 production figures and prices. The farmer in his anxiety to contain the nematode pest may resort to indiscriminate use of nematicides posing hazard to the environment. Since the horticultural produce especially fruits and vegetables are consumed afresh, consumers expect residue-free produce both for internal and export markets. In this context, developing ‘Integrated Nematode Management (INM)’ strategy is the challenge before the nematologists. The present book is an attempt which comprehensively deals with both principles and practices of INM. The first part deals with the principles of INM covering aspects such as introduction, role of nematodes in horticulture, interactions with other micro-organisms and nematode management options such as regulatory, physical, cultural, chemical, biological and integrated methods including host resistance. The second part deals with practices for nematode management in horticultural crops such as fruit, vegetable, ornamental, medicinal, aromatic, plantation, spice and tuber crops. This book is a practical guide to practicing farmers of horticultural crops. Further, it is a useful reference to policy makers, research and extension workers and students. The material can also be used for teaching undergraduate and post-graduate courses.
This book illustrates the currently available strategies for managing phytonematodes. It discusses the latest findings on plant-pathogen-microbiome interactions and their impacts on ecosystems, and provides extensive information on the application of microorganisms in the sustainable management of phytonematodes. This is followed by an in-depth discussion of the application of potential strains of biocontrol fungi, endophytes and actinomycetes to enhance plants’ ability to fend off phytonematode attacks, leading to improved plant health. In conclusion, the book addresses new aspects like the biofabrication of nanoparticles and their application in plant disease management, and presents an extensive list for further reading.
This handbook provides a systematic description of the principles, procedures, and technology of the modern analytical techniques used in the detection, extraction, clean up, and determination of pesticide residues present in the environment. This book provides the historical background of pesticides and emerging trends in pesticide regulation. The
Phytonematodes are small microscopic invertebrate animals living in the soil as parasites of many plants. Many plant-parasitic nematodes establish strong host-parasitic relations with major food, fruit, vegetable, and allied crops, resulting in a drastic yield loss globally. To control or manage these nematode menaces, farmers or growers use toxic fumigants, as well as non-fumigant chemical nematicides frequently. It is necessary to adopt eco-friendly products to tackle the nematode problem. This book explains the nature of nematodes, the role of organic methods and organic acids in nematode control, and the role of humic acid in agriculture, plant disease control, phytonematode control, nematode control. It also details the success of research trials on phytonematode control using humic acid on banana and citrus nematodes, as well as its compatibility with available biocontrol agents and its future prospects.
Nematodes represent a unique challenge to agricultural research, in that they combine the potential for serious reductions in growth and yield in a wide range of crop plants, often with rather non﷓specific and easily mis﷓diagnosed symptoms. Development of the concept of pest management and their implementation have led to a greater appreciation of the need for a wide range of tactics for nematode control. The present book ``Nematode Management in Plants'' provides an authoritative review of many aspects of nematode control and progress in the field of nematode management programme. The volume contains eighteen articles covering application of cropping sequences, plant products and botanicals, latex, bioagents and biological control practices for the management of nematode pests. Topics covering use of Azotobacter, Bacillus thuringiensis and VAM Fungi for reducing nematode pests have been specially included to project their role in the present century. Information on Integrated Nematode Management have been included with special emphasis on biocontrol management practices. This book will be useful to Plant Pathologist, Nematologist, research and extension workers, teachers and students.
The present work covers many aspects of plant nematode management using organic strategies. These range from applications of latest understandings of fundamental concepts/mechanisms of nematode control, to modern tools and techniques used in efficacy evaluation. The Volume also includes some case studies/applied aspects of organic nematode pest management. Chemical and physical control measures used for nematode management have their own implications. Against this backdrop, organic management of plant nematodes appears as a more rational and sustainable approach. However, concise information on the current topic is scarce. This book is a sincere effort to bridge this void as we aim to provide the most updated, critical and in-depth knowledge synthesized by many experts working in the field of plant nematology, worldwide.
Nature has blessed man with a number of wonders. Of all, plants are found to be its best boon. Among them, neem is distinguished by their astonishing versatility. Neem is such a fascinating tree that no other tree probably has provided wide range of benefits to mankind. Neem tree and its products have been reputed since long for some physiological activity and have been used quite extensively as a household remedy, since time immemorial, for the treatment of some of the common ailments. The Neem tree, which is also known as Margosa or Indian lilac is grown extensively in Asian and African countries. The neem is very useful tree due to its medicinal and insecticidal properties. Neem oil is the major product of neem seed industry. The chief limitation of the oil is its odour due to the presence of odouriferous substances and other non saponifiable components. Amongst the non edible oilseeds the potential availability of neem is by far the largest because of its very extensive growth throughout the country and fairly good yield of oils from the seeds. Neem seed cake is the major by product of neem seed oil. Various parts of the neem tree have been used as traditional Ayurvedic medicine in India. Almost every product of this invaluable tree has been largely employed for medical purposes. Neem works as blood purifier. Consuming raw neem leaves or neem leaf powder helps in eradicating toxins from the blood. This is one of the greatest benefits of neem tree. Azadirachtinus in the neem products have been found to act as repellents, antifeedants, affect food consumption and utilization and interfere with the growth regulation and ovarian development in insects. Neem manufacturing products are in high demand and several manufacturing companies are readily in business trying to satisfy their natural product consuming and environment sensitive market. Along with a good natural resource management program, Neem can be an income generator and a sustainable medicinal alternative in developing countries. Some of the fundamentals of the book are technology for production of insecticides of plant origin at rural level, neem seed cake as a source of pests control chemicals, neem oil as possible biorational insecticide, chemistry of neem (azadirachta indica), a sustainable source of natural pesticides, machineries for neem processing, engineering properties of neem nut, neem and transfer of technology, processing of neem fruit and seed, processing of neem oil and its utilization, uses of neem is indigenous system of medicine, cold processing of neem seed, products from neem, development of a neem formulation and its evaluation for control of crop pests, evaluation of nematicidal potential in neem, etc. The book covers cultivation of neem and processing of its products. It will be of immense value to all concerned with manufacturing of neem products; consultants Institutions or those who want to diversify in to production of neem based products.