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Oceanography is a component of Encyclopedia of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. These volumes deal with the oceans as an integrated dynamic system, characterized by a delicate, complex system of interactions among the biota, the ocean boundaries with the solid earth and the atmosphere. This set of volumes is designed to be a very authoritative reference for state-of-the-art knowledge on the various aspects such as: Physical Oceanography, Chemistry of the oceans, Biological Oceanography, Geological oceanography, Coral Reefs as a Life Supporting System, Human Uses of the Oceans, Ocean Engineering, and Modeling the Ocean System from a Sustainable Development perspective. These volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, managers, and decision makers and NGOs.
Whether you're interested in weather, oceans, or even the prehistoric world, earth science covers it all. The fascinating facts and fun activities in these titles help the budding earth scientist in you explore the fields of geology, meteorology, ecology, and more.
The developments in the field of ocean acoustics over recent years make this book an important reference for specialists in acoustics, oceanography, marine biology, and related fields. Fundamentals of Acoustical Oceanography also encourages a new generation of scientists, engineers, and entrepreneurs to apply the modern methods of acoustical physics to probe the unknown sea. The book is an authoritative, modern text with examples and exercises. It contains techniques to solve the direct problems, solutions of inverse problems, and an extensive bibliography from the earliest use of sound in the sea to present references.Written by internationally recognized scientists, the book provides background to measure ocean parameters and processes, find life and objects in the sea, communicate underwater, and survey the boundaries of the sea. Fundamentals of Acoustical Oceanography explains principles of underwater sound propagation, and describes how both actively probing sonars and passively listening hydrophones can reveal what the eye cannot see over vast ranges of the turbid ocean. This book demonstrates how to use acoustical remote sensing, variations in sound transmission, in situ acoustical measurements, and computer and laboratory models to identify the physical and biological parameters and processes in the sea.* Offers an integrated, modern approach to passive and active underwater acoustics* Contains many examples of laboratory scale models of ocean-acoustic environments, as well as descriptions of experiments at sea* Covers remote sensing of marine life and the seafloor* Includes signal processing of ocean sounds, physical and biological noises at sea, and inversions* resents sound sources, receivers, and calibration* Explains high intensities; explosive waves, parametric sources, cavitation, shock waves, and streaming* Covers microbubbles from breaking waves, rainfall, dispersion, and attenuation* Describes sound propagation along ray paths and caustics* Presents sound transmissions and normal mode methods in ocean waveguides
Written by two leading oceanographers, Introducing Oceanography has rapidly established itself as a key introductory overview of its subject.
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
This Research Topic is the second volume of this collection. You can find the original collection via https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/45485/deep-learning-for-marine-science Deep learning (DL) is a critical research branch in the fields of artificial intelligence and machine learning, encompassing various technologies such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), recurrent neural networks (RNNs), Transformer networks and Diffusion models, as well as self-supervised learning (SSL) and reinforcement learning (RL). These technologies have been successfully applied to scientific research and numerous aspects of daily life. With the continuous advancements in oceanographic observation equipment and technology, there has been an explosive growth of ocean data, propelling marine science into the era of big data. As effective tools for processing and analyzing large-scale ocean data, DL techniques have great potential and broad application prospects in marine science. Applying DL to intelligent analysis and exploration of research data in marine science can provide crucial support for various domains, including meteorology and climate, environment and ecology, biology, energy, as well as physical and chemical interactions. Despite the significant progress in DL, its application to the aforementioned marine science domains is still in its early stages, necessitating the full utilization and continuous exploration of representative applications and best practices.
The goals of wind wave research are relatively well defined: to be able to predict the wind wave field and its effect on the environment. That environment could be natural (beaches, the atmosphere etc.) or imposed by human endeavour (ports, harbours, coastal settlements etc.). Although the goals are similar, the specific requirements of these various fields differ considerably.This book attempts to summarise the current state of this knowledge and to place this understanding into a common frame work. It attempts to take a balanced approach between the pragmatic engineering view of requiring a short term result and the scientific quest for detailed understanding. Thus, it attempts to provide a rigorous description of the physical processes involved as well as practical predictive tools.
This book is written for college juniors and seniors and new graduate students in meteorology, ocean engineering, and oceanography. It begins with a brief overview of what is known about the ocean. This is followed by a description of the ocean basins, for the shape of the seas influences the physical processes in the water. Next, students will study the external forces, wind and heat, acting on the ocean, and the ocean's response. It also includes the equations describing dynamic response of the ocean. For example, the equations of motion, the influence of earth's rotation, and viscosity. Finally, students consider some particular examples: the deep circulation, the equatorial ocean and El NiE no, and the circulation of particular areas of the ocean. Contents: 1) A Voyage of Discovery. 2) The Historical Setting. 3) The Physical Setting. 4) Atmospheric Influences. 5) The Oceanic Heat Budget. 6) Temperature, Salinity and Density. 7) The Equations of Motion. 8) Equations of Motion with Viscosity. 9) Response of the Upper Ocean to Winds. 10) Geostrophic Currents. 11) Wind Driven Ocean Circulation. 12) Vorticity in the Ocean. 13) Deep Circulation in the Ocean. 14) Equatorial Processes. 15) Numerical Models. 16) Ocean Waves. 17) Coastal Processes and Tides."
'Introductory Dynamical Oceanography' 2nd ed provides an introduction to Dynamical Physical Oceanography at a level suitable for senior year undergraduate students in the sciences and for graduate students entering oceanography. It aims to present the basic objectives, procedures and successes and to state some of the present limitations of dynamical oceanography and its relations to descriptive physical oceanography. The first edition has been thoroughly revised and updated and the new work includes reference to the Practical Salinity Scale 1978, the International Equation of State 1980 and the beta-spiral technique for calculating absolute currents from the density distribution. In addition the description of mixed-layer models has been updated and the chapters on Waves and on Tides have been substantially revised and enlarged, with emphasis on internal waves in the Waves chapter. While the text is self-contained readers are recommended to acquaint themselves with the general aspects of descriptive (synoptic) oceanography in order to be aware of the character of the ocean which the dynamical oceanographer is attempting to explain by referring to Pickard and Emery's 'Descriptive Physical Oceanography' 4th edition.
This is a book which will be welcomed not only by researchers and engineers, but also by teachers and students, as it contains the only comprehensive review of the dynamics of ocean waves. Existing books are now either out of date or restricted to specialized aspects of the subject, whereas this book covers all types of ocean waves, ranging from capillary to planetary waves. Because of its completeness of coverage, its use of elementary mathematics and the provision of numerous problems and exercises, the book will be an indispensable text for everyone. It is completed by a very lengthy bibliography which includes many references to the Russian literature.