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This environmental impact statement is prepared in response to the Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Act of 1980 (PL 96-320) and the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, as amended, to identify and assess the effects of licensing commercial OTEC development on human activities and the atmospheric, marine, and terrestrial environments. Alternate regulatory approaches for mitigating adverse environmental impacts associated with siting, design, and operation of commercial OTEC plants are evaluated, and the preferred regulatory alternative identified.
This timely volume provides a comprehensive review of current technology for all ocean energies. It opens with an analysis of ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC), with and without the use of an intermediate fluid. The historical and economic background is reviewed, and the geographical areas in which this energy could be utilized are pinpointed. The production of hydrogen as a side product, and environmental consequences of OTEC plants are looked at. The competitiveness of OTEC with conventional sources of energy is analysed. Optimisation, current research and development potential are also examined.Separate chapters provide a detailed examination of other ocean energy sources. The possible harnessing of solar ponds, ocean currents, and power derived from salinity differences is considered. There is a fascinating study of marine winds, and the question of using the ocean tides as a source of energy is examined, focussing on a number of tidal power plant projects, including data gathered from China, Australia, Great Britain, Korea and the USSR.Wave energy extraction has excited recent interest and activity, with a number of experimental pilot plants being built in northern Europe. This topic is discussed at length in view of its greater chance of implementation. Finally, geothermal and biomass energy are considered, and an assessment of their future is given.Each chapter contains bibliographic references. The author has also distinguished between energy schemes which might be valuable in less-industrialized regions of the world, but uneconomical in the developed countries. A large number of illustrations support the text.Every effort has been made to ensure that the book is readable and accessible for the specialist as well as the non-expert. It will be of particular interest to energy economists, engineers, geologists and oceanographers, and to environmentalists and environmental engineers.
West provides the first comprehensive Marine Affairs dictionary. It includes management and policy terms; procedures concepts; court cases; laws; international conventions, protocols and agreements that deal with the four subject areas of Marine Affairs. These subject areas include, in addition to coastal management, fisheries, marine policy, and ports and shipping. Marine Affairs is one of a growing number of interdisciplinary environmental disciplines that include professionals with a wide range of educational backgrounds, encompassing political science, geography, resource economics, planning, sociology, anthropology, and the natural and phsical sciences. As such, this reference dictionary is ideal for students seeking careers in Marine Affairs and a must for professionals already working in the field. The dictionary includes more than 5,000 entries and covers terms and concepts that have evolved within this emerging field. Included are important court cases and laws pertaining to marine resource management and policy. All international agreements, conventions, and protocols dealing with marine related issues have also been summarized. West provides the reader with a quick reference to marine related terms and should be invaluable for any professional responsible for managing or making policy for fisheries, coastal management, shipping, and marine policy.
Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States