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Some vols. include supplemental journals of "such proceedings of the sessions, as, during the time they were depending, were ordered to be kept secret, and respecting which the injunction of secrecy was afterwards taken off by the order of the House."
Federal programs applicable to the oceans and coastal zone have evolved incrementally in response to perceived needs to expedite emerging mari time development while conserving valuable marine resources. As a re sult, the current federal marine effort is divided among a plethora of programs administered by a number of agencies within different Depart ments. The programs themselves are conducted under the authority of multiple statutes with varying reaches and objectives: as a result they often overlap and conflict. There is no assurance, moreover, that the coverage of federal programs is complete in scope or comprehensive in conception. No single institutional device can ensure that these pro grams will manage the marine resources of the United States consistent ly and comprehensively, so as to derive maximum public benefit. While the present maze of statutes, regulations, and executive directives may in theory provide opportunities for a wide-ranging consideration of all relevant factors prior to making specific decisions, there can be no guarantee that this objective is realized either systematically or rea sonably effectively. Recent political developments indicate that the structure of federal marine programs will continue to be subject to scrutiny for some time. President Reagan's emphases on economic deregulation and development of outer continental shelf (OCS) oil and gas resources may lead to stream lining the OCS leasing and permitting process and altering the execu tion of the federal multiple use policy for marine areas.
Marine environments support the livelihoods, economies, and quality of life for communities around the world. But growth of coastal populations and increasing demands on marine resources are putting the future of ocean and coastal resources at risk through impacts such as overfishing, wetland drainage, climate change, and pollution of coastal waters. Given these demands, it is vital to build capacity-the people, the institutions, and technology and tools-needed to manage ocean resources. Unfortunately, many capacity building efforts focus on specific projects rather than on capacity building as goal unto itself, resulting in activities that are not funded or sustained past the typically short project lifetime. This book finds that the most successful capacity-building efforts meet the needs of a specific locale or region based on periodic assessments and include plans to maintain and expand capacity after the project ends. The report recommends ways that governments and organizations can help strengthen marine protection and management capacity, including conducting periodic program assessments, making plans to sustain funding, and developing leadership and political will. The book was produced at the request of Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the President's Circle of the National Academies, the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Science Foundation, the Marisla Foundation, and the Curtis and Edith Munson Foundation.