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&"We are flooded by a torrent of communication in contemporary society,&" Pool writes, &"and yet we hear everywhere that there is a breakdown in communication. The average citizen spends more than four hours a day with mass media, while increasingly he doubts that his government listens to him or that what it tells him is credible.... One situation that clearly reduces the citizen's sense of potency is that the flood of communication is one way. The citizen watches TV, reads newspapers, and listens to radio, but he has no way of talking back. He hears, but he is not heard. At least that is the way that he feels.&" But now new communications technologies have appeared within our line of sight that may end the domination of mass media in communication, help close the gap of alienation, and resolve the crisis of confidence. These technologies, based on the computer, the videorecorder, and, especially, cable TV, promise to permit individualized communication to become economically competitive with mass communication. More than 10 percent of the television sets in the United States are now receiving via cable, and the number goes up by several million a year: we are rapidly entering a period when broadband channels into the home will be numerous and when two-way feedback will be possible. This book examines what two-way cable communication could mean&-what services it might provide, how long and how much money it may take to provide them, and what technologies are available for the purpose. Six of the fifteen papers in the book were originally written as background papers for the Sloan Commission on Cable Communications. The others appear here for the first time. They range over the social sciences and the relevant engineering sciences and cover a variety of viewpoints, some directly opposed. And they examine the prospects of two-way communication in the arenas of politics, commerce, education, entertainment, and citizen feedback generally. The papers outline the options available for arriving at policies and standards in the development of a national communications system that would be technically and economically feasible&-given the finite nature of available bandwidths and funds&-as well as readily and equitably accessible to the largest number of groups. The first section of the book places cable TV in its multichanneled social context; the second section deals with the technology and economics of the system; the final section explores the possibilities of interactive two-way cable communication and the ways it can be used to encourage group dialogue and register social choice.
How do you put the "public" in public management? How can the traditional ethos of professionalism and technical expertise be reconciled with norms of representation and citizen participation at a time when technology is transforming communication between citizens and government - in some ways enhancing the exchange and in other ways complicating it? "Modernizing Democracy: Innovations in Citizen Participation" points the way. Written for public administration professionals, scholars, and students interested in citizen participation, it brings together new analyses of innovative practices, from hands-on community learning and focus groups to high-tech information systems and decision support technologies. The expert contributors illuminate the various roles that public administrators and leaders can play in fostering constructive, meaningful citizen involvement at all stages of the public policy process - from initiation and planning to feedback on public agency performance.
The revised edition of this accessible text provides a balanced assessment and overview of state-of-the-art organizational and performance productivity strategies. Public and nonprofit organizations face demands for increased productivity and responsiveness, and this practical guide offers strategies based on current research and scholarship that respond to these challenges. The book's comprehensive coverage includes: rationale for productivity and performance improvement; evolution of productivity improvement; the quality paradigm; customer service; information technology; traditional approaches to productivity improvement; re-engineering and restructuring; partnering and privatization; psychological contracts; and community based strategies. In addition to updating the examples of the first edition, this new edition also highlights the growing use of enterprise funds, partnership models of privatization, and web-based service delivery. Each chapter concludes with a useful summary and all-new application exercises.
The study of public policy and the methods of policy analysis are among the most rapidly developing areas in the social sciences. Policy analysis has emerged to provide a better understanding of the policymaking process and to supply decision makers with reliable policy-relevant knowledge about pressing economic and social problems. Presenting a broad, comprehensive perspective, the Handbook of Public Policy Analysis: Theory, Politics, and Methods covers the historical development of policy analysis, its role in the policy process, and empirical methods. The handbook considers the theory generated by these methods and the normative and ethical issues surrounding their practice. Written by leading experts in the field, this book- Deals with the basic origins and evolution of public policy Examines the stages of the policy-making process Identifies political advocacy and expertise in the policy process Focuses on rationality in policy decision-making and the role of policy networks and learning Details argumentation, rhetoric, and narratives Explores the comparative, cultural, and ethical aspects of public policy Explains primary quantitative-oriented analytical methods employed in policy research Addresses the qualitative sides of policy analysis Discusses tools used to refine policy choices Traces the development of policy analysis in selected national contexts The Handbook of Public Policy Analysis: Theory, Politics, and Methods describes the theoretical debates that have recently defined the field, including the work of postpositivist, interpretivist, and social constructionist scholars. This book also explores the interplay between empirical and normative analysis, a crucial issue running through contemporary debates.
A classic. Topics include resource-sharing networks, the importance of nonbook formats, the greater complexity of censorship challenges, and the expansion of the library's informational role.