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Object Thinking blends historical perspective, experience, and visionary insight - exploring how developers can work less like the computers they program and more like problem solvers.
The Object-Oriented Thought Process Third Edition Matt Weisfeld An introduction to object-oriented concepts for developers looking to master modern application practices. Object-oriented programming (OOP) is the foundation of modern programming languages, including C++, Java, C#, and Visual Basic .NET. By designing with objects rather than treating the code and data as separate entities, OOP allows objects to fully utilize other objects' services as well as inherit their functionality. OOP promotes code portability and reuse, but requires a shift in thinking to be fully understood. Before jumping into the world of object-oriented programming languages, you must first master The Object-Oriented Thought Process. Written by a developer for developers who want to make the leap to object-oriented technologies as well as managers who simply want to understand what they are managing, The Object-Oriented Thought Process provides a solution-oriented approach to object-oriented programming. Readers will learn to understand object-oriented design with inheritance or composition, object aggregation and association, and the difference between interfaces and implementations. Readers will also become more efficient and better thinkers in terms of object-oriented development. This revised edition focuses on interoperability across various technologies, primarily using XML as the communication mechanism. A more detailed focus is placed on how business objects operate over networks, including client/server architectures and web services. "Programmers who aim to create high quality software-as all programmers should-must learn the varied subtleties of the familiar yet not so familiar beasts called objects and classes. Doing so entails careful study of books such as Matt Weisfeld's The Object-Oriented Thought Process." -Bill McCarty, author of Java Distributed Objects, and Object-Oriented Design in Java Matt Weisfeld is an associate professor in business and technology at Cuyahoga Community College in Cleveland, Ohio. He has more than 20 years of experience as a professional software developer, project manager, and corporate trainer using C++, Smalltalk, .NET, and Java. He holds a BS in systems analysis, an MS in computer science, and an MBA in project management. Weisfeld has published many articles in major computer trade magazines and professional journals.
Degrees of Freedom Uncertainty This is the degrees of freedom uncertainty rule [which actually allows us freedom]. We can never be sure which individual went this way and which went the other way [that is what entropy and Carnot’s ‘jinks’ on Maxwell’s demons is all about]. This is a statistical population; there are enough members to apply the statistical rule [the rule of large numbers]. That is the same rule [just inverted] as the degrees of freedom uncertainty principle [which says that you cannot specify Newtonian activity on populations that provide excellent statistical results because of the same theory of large numbers. - You can’t have your cake and eat it too [precisely what Carnoy meant]. Also, the difficulties with this rule could be resolved easily; by applying the viewpoint of harmonics. So, under the degrees of freedom uncertainty [when that applies {strongly enough}] you have harmonics. This is the fact that systems under the rule of degrees of freedom uncertainty and that are constrained [in certain natural or “harmonics” ways.] can form “natural” patterns. Harmonics [the name] refers to the patterns since they form in harmonic kine [a set of eigenfunctions]. The pattern does not specify where any part [molecule] is at or how fast it is going. The pattern is an envelope of probability distribution for the randomly distributed contents. This does not allow Maxwell's Demons to sneak some particles into a special place to violate equilibrium rules. Demythologizing Jung Demythologizing and deconstruction is the territory of the post-structuralist. But reconstruction should be the goal of such endeavors. Here the deconstruction of Jung's archetypes is reconstructed into a meaningful, workable, and useful concept of how the mind works. This effort is about the mind and the algorithms that the mind uses to process information. In the brain, pictures are a very important part of the information processing; but computer processing is approaching that state now as well. Here the mind is the program. That mind can use different algorithms in its programming to solve its “problems”. Recognizing these algorithms is our desire for this study. I start with Jung’s Archetype algorithms and proceed to expand that into a more complete recognition of mental algorithms. The process of understanding conversation is to compare the text of a sentence with contextual information we have. The question is: “How do we store and retrieve the context in our grammar?” It is not stored using relational algebra, which is the method we use to store computer database data for efficient computer store and retrieve mechanisms. Relational data storage is not fast enough and it is not broad enough in its combinatorial strength to explain the minds process. The mind has a way of producing mental objects out of the interpretation of external information. A fresh encounter with the outer world is analyzed by a neural network. The information is carried by nerves from the sensing point. These nerve signals are then filtered through neural networks. The archetype [Jung] for that area of mental processing is the link with the conscious. From this link, a memory object can be extended from the archetype (as base class). Then the extended archetype layer becomes the output layer of the neural network. Note the archetype layer serves both as the interpretation function determining layer (how the input is interpreted) and, in the instantiation of the object from the base class extended to a memory object from (based on the neural interpretation). This is a probabilistic process that is under constraints. The process is probabilistic but the constraints provide limitations so the result that is controlled by these limitations produces a meaningful pattern. Thus the constraints prevent dissipation, and encourage meaningful results. The constraints in the young child are the archetypes. As we grow older our minds develop aggregate (abstract) classes that are useful as though they were archetypes. These archetypes and aggregates constrain the mental process so that meaningful patterns result from the interpretation process. The features of the archetypal classes, relating to the attributes and methods of a class, are then the similar to the neural network activation functions. With input (our nerves send these signals about our present context) these features are used to interpret the signals (our internal program adapts them to interpretation of the input signals). When applied to a memory object in our conscious mind, the features (activation functions) are used in a way that they make the memory object useful and meaningful in our thought process. Remember the class here is a (hidden) layer of the neural network not a single node. Also an abstract class can be extended into a memory object (as a real [visible] class). (Also see books by Dr. Jerome Heath: https://sites.google.com/site/jbhcontextcalculus/)
The overriding purpose of this title is to make programmers marketable. The software industry will leave behind any developer who does not have object-oriented development skills, and this book helps the developer to quickly get up to speed with objects.
Provides information on analyzing, designing, and writing object-oriented software.
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is the foundation of modern programming languages, including C++, Java, C#, Visual Basic .NET, Ruby, Objective-C, and Swift. Objects also form the basis for many web technologies such as JavaScript, Python, and PHP. It is of vital importance to learn the fundamental concepts of object orientation before starting to use object-oriented development environments. OOP promotes good design practices, code portability, and reuse–but it requires a shift in thinking to be fully understood. Programmers new to OOP should resist the temptation to jump directly into a particular programming language or a modeling language, and instead first take the time to learn what author Matt Weisfeld calls “the object-oriented thought process.” Written by a developer for developers who want to improve their understanding of object-oriented technologies, The Object-Oriented Thought Process provides a solutions-oriented approach to object-oriented programming. Readers will learn to understand the proper uses of inheritance and composition, the difference between aggregation and association, and the important distinction between interfaces and implementations. While programming technologies have been changing and evolving over the years, object-oriented concepts remain a constant–no matter what the platform. This revised edition focuses on the OOP technologies that have survived the past 20 years and remain at its core, with new and expanded coverage of design patterns, avoiding dependencies, and the SOLID principles to help make software designs understandable, flexible, and maintainable.
The Complete Guide to Writing More Maintainable, Manageable, Pleasing, and Powerful Ruby Applications Ruby's widely admired ease of use has a downside: Too many Ruby and Rails applications have been created without concern for their long-term maintenance or evolution. The Web is awash in Ruby code that is now virtually impossible to change or extend. This text helps you solve that problem by using powerful real-world object-oriented design techniques, which it thoroughly explains using simple and practical Ruby examples. This book focuses squarely on object-oriented Ruby application design. Practical Object-Oriented Design in Ruby will guide you to superior outcomes, whatever your previous Ruby experience. Novice Ruby programmers will find specific rules to live by; intermediate Ruby programmers will find valuable principles they can flexibly interpret and apply; and advanced Ruby programmers will find a common language they can use to lead development and guide their colleagues. This guide will help you Understand how object-oriented programming can help you craft Ruby code that is easier to maintain and upgrade Decide what belongs in a single Ruby class Avoid entangling objects that should be kept separate Define flexible interfaces among objects Reduce programming overhead costs with duck typing Successfully apply inheritance Build objects via composition Design cost-effective tests Solve common problems associated with poorly designed Ruby code
Software -- Software Engineering.
Eliminate the unavoidable complexity of object-oriented designs. The innovative data-oriented programming paradigm makes your systems less complex by making it simpler to access and manipulate data. In Data-Oriented Programming you will learn how to: Separate code from data Represent data with generic data structures Manipulate data with general-purpose functions Manage state without mutating data Control concurrency in highly scalable systems Write data-oriented unit tests Specify the shape of your data Benefit from polymorphism without objects Debug programs without a debugger Data-Oriented Programming is a one-of-a-kind guide that introduces the data-oriented paradigm. This groundbreaking approach represents data with generic immutable data structures. It simplifies state management, eases concurrency, and does away with the common problems you’ll find in object-oriented code. The book presents powerful new ideas through conversations, code snippets, and diagrams that help you quickly grok what’s great about DOP. Best of all, the paradigm is language-agnostic—you’ll learn to write DOP code that can be implemented in JavaScript, Ruby, Python, Clojure, and also in traditional OO languages like Java or C#. Purchase of the print book includes a free eBook in PDF, Kindle, and ePub formats from Manning Publications. About the technology Code that combines behavior and data, as is common in object-oriented designs, can introduce almost unmanageable complexity for state management. The Data-oriented programming (DOP) paradigm simplifies state management by holding application data in immutable generic data structures and then performing calculations using non-mutating general-purpose functions. Your applications are free of state-related bugs and your code is easier to understand and maintain. About the book Data-Oriented Programming teaches you to design software using the groundbreaking data-oriented paradigm. You’ll put DOP into action to design data models for business entities and implement a library management system that manages state without data mutation. The numerous diagrams, intuitive mind maps, and a unique conversational approach all help you get your head around these exciting new ideas. Every chapter has a lightbulb moment that will change the way you think about programming. What's inside Separate code from data Represent data with generic data structures Manage state without mutating data Control concurrency in highly scalable systems Write data-oriented unit tests Specify the shape of your data About the reader For programmers who have experience with a high-level programming language like JavaScript, Java, Python, C#, Clojure, or Ruby. About the author Yehonathan Sharvit has over twenty years of experience as a software engineer. He blogs, speaks at conferences, and leads Data-Oriented Programming workshops around the world. Table of Contents PART 1 FLEXIBILITY 1 Complexity of object-oriented programming 2 Separation between code and data 3 Basic data manipulation 4 State management 5 Basic concurrency control 6 Unit tests PART 2 SCALABILITY 7 Basic data validation 8 Advanced concurrency control 9 Persistent data structures 10 Database operations 11 Web services PART 3 MAINTAINABILITY 12 Advanced data validation 13 Polymorphism 14 Advanced data manipulation 15 Debugging
You can find a whole range of programming textbooks intended for complete beginners. However, this one is exceptional to certain extent. The whole textbook is designed as a record of the dialogue of the author with his daughter who wants to learn programming. The author endeavors not to explain the Java programming language to the readers, but to teach them real programming. To teach them how to think and design the program as the experienced programmers do. Entire matter is explained in a very illustrative way which means even a current secondary school student can understand it quite simply.