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Our objective should be to improve the quality and quantity of available food and feed sources by all feasible methods. Much new chemistry and engineering is needed to support genetics and agronomy. Food fortification and supplementation need better guidance based on research. Deleterious side reactions in food storage and processing need to be eliminated or minimized. Ways to measure protein nutritional quality based on information from chemical, biochemical, microbiological, animal, and human studies need to be correlated and optimized. New protein food sources need to be developed; related toxicological and nutritional problems need solutions.
The nutritional quality of a protein depends on the proportion of its amino acids-especially the essential amino acids-their physio logical availability, and the specific requirements of the consumer. Availability varies and depends on protein source, interaction with other dietary components, and the consumer's age and physiological state. In many foods, especially those from plants, low levels of various essential amino acids limits their nutritive value. This is particularly important for cereals (which may be inadequate in the essential amino acids isoleucine, lysine, threonine, and tryto phan) and legumes (which are often poor sources of methionine). Moreover, these commodities are principle sources of protein for much of the earth's rapidly growing population. At the current annual growth rate of about 2 percent, the world population of about 4 billion will increase to 6.5 billion by the year 2000 and to 17 billion by the year 2050. Five hundred milliQn people are presently estimated to suffer protein malnutrition, with about fifteen thousand daily deaths. The ratio of malnourished to adequately nourished will almost surely increase. For these reasons, and especially in view of the limited availability of high quality (largely animal) protein to feed present and future populations, improvement of food and feed quality is especially important.
Ideal for planning, performing, and interpreting food protein analyses, especially as it relates to the effect of food processing on protei investigation results. Delineates basic research principles, practices, and anticipated outcomes in each of the illustrated protein assays.
Protein chemistry has entered a revolutionary era due to the introduction of genetic engineering for modifying protein structure, as well as the application of advanced computer technology to the study of proteins. By supplementing the traditional ways of studying protein behavior with these newer methods, food processors will be able to resolve difficult problems without using the costly trial-and-error-method so common in the past. This book gives the reader a good foundation in the basics of modern protein chemistry and to show how applications of these concepts to food proteins helps explain their roles in food processing.
Advances in Food and Nutrition Research
Proteins: Sustainable Source, Processing and Applications addresses sustainable proteins, with an emphasis on proteins of animal origin, plant-based and insect proteins, microalgal single cell proteins, extraction, production, the stability and bioengineering of proteins, food applications (e.g. encapsulation, films and coatings), consumer behavior and sustainable consumption. Written in a scientific manner to meet the needs of chemists, food scientists, technologists, new product developers and academics, this book addresses the health effects and properties of proteins, highlights sustainable sources, processes and consumption models, and analyzes the potentiality of already commercialized processes and products. This book is an integral resource that supports the current applications of proteins in the food industry, along with those that are currently under development. - Supports the current applications of proteins in the food industry, along with those that are under development - Connects the properties and health effects of proteins with sustainable sources, recovery procedures, stability and encapsulation - Explores industrial applications that are affected by aforementioned aspects
A variety of processing methods are used to make foods edible; to pennit storage; to alter texture and flavor; to sterilize and pasteurize food; and to destroy microorganisms and other toxins. These methods include baking, broiling, cooking, freezing, frying, and roasting. Many such efforts have both beneficial and harmful effects. It is a paradox of nature that the processing of foods can improve nutrition, quality, safety, and taste, and yet occasionally lead to the formation of anti-nutritional and toxic compounds. These multifaceted consequences of food processing arise from molecular interactions among nutrients with each other and with other food ingredients. Since beneficial and adverse effects of food processing are of increasing importance to food science, nutrition, and human health, and since many of the compounds formed have been shown to be potent carcinogens and growth inhibitors in animals, I organized a symposium broadly concerned with the nutritional and toxicological consequences of food processing. The symposium was sponsored by the American Institute of Nutrition (AIN) -Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB) for its annual meeting in Washington, D.C., April 1-5, 1990. Invited speakers were asked to develop at least one of the following topics: 1. Nutrient-nonnutrient interactions between amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, minerals, vitamins, tannins, fiber, natural toxicants, etc. 2. Effects of radiation. 3. Thermally induced formation of dietary mutagens, antimutagens, carcinogens, anticarcinogens, antioxidants, and growth inhibitors. 4. Effects of pH on nutritional value and safety.
Reviews the physiochemical properties of the main food proteins and explores the interdependency between the structure-function relationship of specific protein classes and the processing technologies applied to given foods. The book offers solutions to current problems related to the complexity of food composition, preparation and storage, and includes such topics as foams, emulsions, gelation by macromolecules, hydrolysis, microparticles/fat replacers, protein-based edible films, and extraction procedures.