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Phytophthora ramorum has caused widespread mortality in native oaks and tanoaks in coastal areas of central and northern California. On oaks, the disease is commonly called sudden oak death. Camellias, rhododendrons, and other popular ornamental plants are susceptible to infection, and the pathogen can be moved long distances through ship ments of infected nursery stock. Federal and state quarantines are in effect that require nursery inspections, and if the pathogen is found, affected nursery stock must be destroyed as a means of eradication.
The funguslike organism Phytophthora ramorum has been causing severe plant disease problems for nurseries and homeowners in California and, now, in Oregon and Washington. This guide helps wholesale nursery personnel identify possible P. ramorum infections and advises on managing them. Also gives current Oregon Dept. of Agriculture policies and procedures for the disease. References including hotline numbers and websites. Includes color photos
References, suppliers, and a comprehensive index make this book indispensable to growers, farm advisors, IPM scouts, pesticide applicators, pest control advisors, and students. A complete sourcebook for bulbs, cut flowers, potted flowering plants, foliage plants, bedding plants, ornamental trees, and shrubs as grown in the field, greenhouse, and nursery.--COVER.
Phytophthora ramorum, a plant pathogen, is the cause of sudden oak death and ramorum blight and shoot die-back. It has a wide host range including many native forest species and common nursery plants. The lack of knowledge regarding infection biology of P. ramorum limits our understanding of its ecology and epidemiology. Pathways of infection were investigated in Rhododendron 'Nova Zembla' using tissue culture plantlets and greenhouse-grown container plants planted in artificially-infested potting medium, or inoculated with a zoospore suspension or mycelial plugs. The presence of the pathogen in plant tissue was determined by isolation onto selective medium and PCR analysis. Histological examinations of tissue samples were performed with fluorescence, scanning electron and scanning laser confocal microscopy. Inoculated roots, stems and leaves were examined to identify pathways by which P. ramorum infects and colonizes rhododendrons. Results indicate that roots can be infected by P. ramorum without causing root rot. Below-ground infections arising from artificially infested potting medium resulted in infection of above-ground stems and leaf petioles. P. ramorum was found in the primary xylem of below-ground and above-ground stem tissue. Inoculation of roots with zoospore inoculum resulted in inter- and intracellular penetration of root tissue. Cysts appeared to aggregate at wound sites and near root primoridia. Examination of inoculated leaves revealed that P. ramorum does not require stomata for leaf infection. P. ramorum spread from inoculated leaves into petioles and stems via the vascular tissue (primary xylem). These results indicate that P. ramorum may be present but not cause obvious symptoms in certain plant tissues. This may contribute to difficulties in detection of infected plants, a requirement for limiting the long-distance spread of the disease with infested nursery stock.
Agriculture is often under the threat of invasive species of animal pests and pathogens that do harm to crops. It is essential to have the best methods and tools available to prevent this harm. Biosecurity is a mixture of institutions, policies, and science applications that attempts to prevent the spread of unhealthy pests. Tactical Sciences for Biosecurity in Animal and Plant Systems focuses on the tactical sciences needed to succeed in the biosecurity objectives of preventing plant and animal pathogens from entering or leaving the United States. This book explores a divergence of tactics between plant and animal exotic disease response. Covering topics such as animal pests and pathogens, tactical management, and early detection, this book is an essential resource for researchers, academicians, university faculty, government biosecurity practitioners, customs officers, clinical scientists, and students.