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A two-dimensional horizontal finite element numerical model (RMA-2) was applied to a 15 mile (24 km) river channel-floodplain reach in West Germany. Previous applications of such models have been restricted to much smaller scales. The results indicate that finite element schemes may successfully estimate river stage in large scale floodplain applications. Computed stage hydrographs compared well with observed data using loss coefficients within expected ranges. Two-dimensional flow models have been applied to certain classes of river channel problems. Applications have included detailed analyses of flow patterns near structures such as bridges and floodplains. In all these problems the scale of interest has been small, e.g. reaches of river a few river widths long. Many estuary studies have been done that were of large scale; some of these utilized a hybrid (numerical plus physical) modeling technique. In a review of the application of finite element methods to river channels, Samuels reported that the river channel was resolved separately from the floodplain in only two studies. Missing in previous work is attention to large scale floodplain modeling. The work reported in this paper focuses on the feasibility and accuracy of applying a two-dimensional flow model to a large floodplain. Traditional floodplain studies have used semi-empirical flow routing with steady, one-dimensional computation of water surface elevations to define inundated areas. Keywords: Army Corps of Engines. (kr).
An up-to-date text on the simulation of flood risk, this book begins by presenting the main concepts related to one-dimensional mathematical modelling of floods. Detailed mathematical models for solving free surface unsteady varied flow equations are featured. There are also sections on practical problems, techniques for parameter identification including optimisation methods, the routing of dam-break waves and case study results. The second part is devoted to flood hazard and inundation analysis. A runoff model and an inundation flow model are given while inundation analysis in urban areas, encompassing the city area and sewerage models, is discussed. Low-lying river basins are considered with particular reference to the city of Kyoto in Japan. Finally flood problems both in rural and urban basins are highlighted. A flow cell model is presented as an alternative to simulate these problems and some cases illustrating its use are provided.
Completely updated and with three new chapters, this analysis of river dynamics is invaluable for advanced students, researchers and practitioners.
Introduction to floodplain modeling and management - Introduction to open channel hydraulics - Hydraulic modeling tools - Planning for floodplain modeling studies - Data needs, availability, and development - Bridge modeling - Culvert modeling - Data review, calibration, and results analysis - The U.S. national flood insurance program - Floodway modeling - Channel modification - Advanced floodplain modeling - Mobile boundary situations and bridge scour - Unsteady flow modeling - Importing and exporting files with HEC-RAS.