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Recognizing the critical need to address the issue of nuclear waste disposal, the Congress enacted the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 to establish a comprehensive policy and program for the safe, permanent disposal of commercial spent fuel and other highly radioactive wastes in one or more mined geologic repositories. In the act, the Congress stated that federal efforts to devise a permanent solution for disposing of radioactive waste had been inadequate. The act charged DOE with (1) establishing criteria for the recommendation of sites for repositories; (2) "characterizing" (investigating) three sites to determine each site's suitability for a repository; (3) recommending one suitable site to the President who, if he considers the site is qualified for a license application, submits a recommendation of such site to the Congress; and (4) upon approval of a recommended site, seeking a license from NRC to construct and operate a repository at the approved site. The act created the Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management within DOE to manage its nuclear waste program. When the act was passed, it was expected that a repository could be operational in 1998. Amendments to the act in 1987 directed DOE to investigate only the Yucca Mountain site. These amendments also established the Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board (the Board). The Board's decision is to review the technical and scientific validity of DOE's activities associated with investigating the site and packaging and transporting wastes, and to report its findings and recommendations to the Congress and DOE at least twice each year. The act does not require DOE to implement the Board's recommendations.
GAO-02-191 Nuclear Waste: Technical, Schedule, and Cost Uncertainties of the Yucca Mountain Repository Project
Reviews whether (1) the funding for the scientific investigation of Yucca Mountain, Nevada, as a potential site for a nuclear waste repository is sufficient to permit the Department of Energy (DoE) to meet its schedule and (2) initiatives by DoE to streamline the investigation could affect the investigation's scientific quality. Graphs and charts.
High-level nuclear waste -- one of the nation's most hazardous substances -- is accumulating at 80 sites in 35 states. The waste is supposed to be disposed of in a geologic repository at Yucca Mountain, about 100 miles northwest of Las Vegas, NV. However, the repository is more than a decade behind schedule, and the nuclear waste generally remains at the commercial nuclear reactor sites and DoE sites where it was generated. This report examines the key attributes, challenges, and costs of the Yucca Mountain repository and the two principal alternatives to a repository that nuclear waste management experts identified: storing the nuclear waste at two centralized locations and continuing to store the waste on site where it was generated. Ill.
Experts from science, industry, and government discuss the unresolved scientific and technical issues surrounding the Yucca Mountain site as a geologic repository for high-level nuclear waste.