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Nuclear molecules are analogous to ordinary electronic molecules. Valence nucleons are circling nuclear cores and thus bind them. They appear in collisions of nuclei on nuclei, and in fission and fusion processes. Here a lively field of research has developed over the past 20 years. Nuclear Molecules are the strongest deformed nuclear complexes and play an important role in nuclear structure (cluster) physics. They are also of considerable interest for the synthesis of elements in astrophysics (cosmology). Most of the various nuclear molecular phenomena are discussed.This book is the first monograph exclusively written to cover the theoretical aspects of nuclear molecular phenomena in heavy ion collisions. The experimental evidence is presented and confronted with theory.
Quantum tunnelling is one of the strangest phenomena in chemistry, where we see the wave nature of atoms acting in “impossible” ways. By letting molecules pass through the kinetic barrier instead of over it, this effect can lead to chemical reactions even close to the absolute zero, to atypical spectroscopic observations, to bizarre selectivity, or to colossal isotopic effects. Quantum mechanical tunnelling observations might be infrequent in chemistry, but it permeates through all its disciplines producing remarkable chemical outcomes. For that reason, the 21st century has seen a great increase in theoretical and experimental findings involving molecular tunnelling effects, as well as in novel techniques that permit their accurate predictions and analysis. Including experimental, computational and theoretical chapters, from the physical and organic to the biochemistry fields, from the applied to the academic arenas, this new book provides a broad and conceptual perspective on tunnelling reactions and how to study them. Quantum Tunnelling in Molecules is the obligatory stop for both the specialist and those new to this world.
Nuclear molecules are analogous to ordinary electronic molecules. Valence nucleons are circling nuclear cores and thus bind them. They appear in collisions of nuclei on nuclei, and in fission and fusion processes. Here a lively field of research has developed over the past 20 years. Nuclear Molecules are the strongest deformed nuclear complexes and play an important role in nuclear structure (cluster) physics. They are also of considerable interest for the synthesis of elements in astrophysics (cosmology). Most of the various nuclear molecular phenomena are discussed.This book is the first monograph exclusively written to cover the theoretical aspects of nuclear molecular phenomena in heavy ion collisions. The experimental evidence is presented and confronted with theory.
Dramatic progress has been made in all branches of physics since the National Research Council's 1986 decadal survey of the field. The Physics in a New Era series explores these advances and looks ahead to future goals. The series includes assessments of the major subfields and reports on several smaller subfields, and preparation has begun on an overview volume on the unity of physics, its relationships to other fields, and its contributions to national needs. Nuclear Physics is the latest volume of the series. The book describes current activity in understanding nuclear structure and symmetries, the behavior of matter at extreme densities, the role of nuclear physics in astrophysics and cosmology, and the instrumentation and facilities used by the field. It makes recommendations on the resources needed for experimental and theoretical advances in the coming decade.
This proceedings is a result of the conference held in honor of Professor Raymond K Sheline for his major contributions to our understanding of the properties of both nuclei and molecules and in celebration of his 70th birthday. The proceedings contains up-to-date treatments of forefront nuclear and molecular topics such as a determination of the mass of the neutrino, the unusual properties exhibited by nuclei under the stress of very rapid rotation, the structure of very loosely bound quantum systems, and the molecular mechanism of the solar to electric conversion.
NMR of Paramagnetic Molecules: Principles and Applications is a compendium of papers that discusses the physical principles behind the technique of nuclear magnetic resonance, as well as, evaluates the scope and limitation of the applications of NMR in chemistry and biology. These papers emphasize the applications of the technique in chemistry and biochemistry where it widely used, particularlyon NMR experiments in the liquid state. Some papers describe the theoretical factors governing the resonance position and linewidth, and then also interpret magnetic resonance parameters in terms of electronic structure. Another paper investigates the gap between the mathematical complexities of earlier experiments and the operational aspects of chemical information from the spectra. Examples show studies in biochemical molecules and process in events where contact interactions are present either as a result of intrinsic molecular paramagnetism or are just induced through the addition of suitable paramagnetic probes. One paper presents the definitive and controversial results involving stereochemistry and deuterium NMR. This collection of papers will prove useful for nuclear physicists, researchers, and academicians in the field of nuclear physics.
dissociation, E, of a dimer into two monomers and that, E', of a trimer into a dimer and a monomer. The observed velocity distribution for a beam of sodium iodide is shown in Fig. 23. The monomer and dimer distributions, which are each of the form of Eq. (9. 2), are separately shown. The sum of the two assumed distributions is seen to agree with the experimental data. The data for lithium bromide are shown in Fig. 24. The separate distributions for the monomer, dimer, and trimer required to fit the data are shown as is the sum of these distributions. An attempt to describe the observed distribution in terms of a monomer and a dimer only is shown by the dotted line, where the relative amounts of these species have been adjusted to give a fit on the low velocity side of the spectrum. Table 2. Summary oj data on the degree of association oj diatomic molecules. The data on the fluorides are from unpublished results of M. EISENSTADT, G. ROTHBERG and P. KUSCH. Uncertainties in E and E' are given in parentheses. E E' Temperature OK I ----- ----" Species at which a2 a, kcaljmole p~10-2mmHg RbCl 866 0. 063 48. 0 (0. 5) I KCI 0. 083 897 45·8 (0. 7) I KI 823 0. 046 , 45·3 (0·9) NaC] 920 0. 259 44. 6 (0·9) i NaI 817 0. 235 38. 6 (3-4) LiC] 2.
Nearly 20 million nuclear medicine procedures are carried out each year in the United States alone to diagnose and treat cancers, cardiovascular disease, and certain neurological disorders. Many of the advancements in nuclear medicine have been the result of research investments made during the past 50 years where these procedures are now a routine part of clinical care. Although nuclear medicine plays an important role in biomedical research and disease management, its promise is only beginning to be realized. Advancing Nuclear Medicine Through Innovation highlights the exciting emerging opportunities in nuclear medicine, which include assessing the efficacy of new drugs in development, individualizing treatment to the patient, and understanding the biology of human diseases. Health care and pharmaceutical professionals will be most interested in this book's examination of the challenges the field faces and its recommendations for ways to reduce these impediments.