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The embryonic development of the limbs is widely used as a paradigm for the comprehension of the cellular processes and molecular mechanisms underlying organogenesis and pattern formation. The chick, mouse and (recently), zebrafish embryos are excellent models, for the ease of experimental manipulation and the availability of several mutant strains with limb malformation defects.
Animal individual life begins as combination of sperm and oocyte, which results in the embryogenesis from ovum fertilization to fetal stage. Embryology has become one central discipline for many modern biotechnologies. Although this subject has been studied for more than a century, new discoveries appear continuously. This book contains some new discoveries and updates some theories and technologies in animal and human embryology. Major content include new findings in gamete biology, new theories and discoveries in embryo implantation by three-dimensional imaging technology and new concept and actual application of embryology. Thus, this book will greatly update knowledge in embryology field and provide some basic theories and technologies for animal scientists and breeders as well as embryologists and anthropologists.
One aim of this atlas is to present a comprehensive overview of limb malformation phenotypes in order to provide the clinician with a tool that facilitates the diagnostic process. With the enormous advances in molecular and developmental biology, the genetic basis of many limb malformations and their relationship to each other has been elucidated. Thus, a further aim of this atlas is to provide the reader with a basic understanding of the molecular pathology of these conditions. The book is extensively illustrated with clinical photos and radiographs of conditions or groups of related conditions. In addition, a concise description of the conditions is provided featuring structured information on “Synonyms”, “Major clinical findings”, “Genetic transmission”, “Differential diagnosis”, “Molecular Pathology”, and references to Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM). The book is designed for medical geneticists, radiologists, pediatricians, hand surgeons, orthopedic surgeons, as well as medical personnel and other physicians involved in the evaluation and treatment of patients with abnormal limbs.
Scientific Frontiers in Developmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment reviews advances made during the last 10-15 years in fields such as developmental biology, molecular biology, and genetics. It describes a novel approach for how these advances might be used in combination with existing methodologies to further the understanding of mechanisms of developmental toxicity, to improve the assessment of chemicals for their ability to cause developmental toxicity, and to improve risk assessment for developmental defects. For example, based on the recent advances, even the smallest, simplest laboratory animals such as the fruit fly, roundworm, and zebrafish might be able to serve as developmental toxicological models for human biological systems. Use of such organisms might allow for rapid and inexpensive testing of large numbers of chemicals for their potential to cause developmental toxicity; presently, there are little or no developmental toxicity data available for the majority of natural and manufactured chemicals in use. This new approach to developmental toxicology and risk assessment will require simultaneous research on several fronts by experts from multiple scientific disciplines, including developmental toxicologists, developmental biologists, geneticists, epidemiologists, and biostatisticians.
Bruce Carlson's Human Embryology and Developmental Biology is one of the most detailed texts available for those who want to truly understand both the morphological and molecular aspects of human embryological development. Fully updated in its seventh edition, the book provides a thorough grounding in all aspects of embryology. It presents in detail the molecular and cellular basis for embryological processes, from early development through to development of body systems. It covers examples of congenital malformations and their underlying mechanisms, and comes complete with clinical vignettes and review questions to support learning. This book will suit medical and science students taking embryology courses as well as scientists and clinicians who find themselves returning to this topic throughout their careers. - Clear and consistent writing style – highly readable and well-focused - Extensively illustrated to demystify complex topics - Good selection of original photographs of congenital anomalies to assist with identification - Review questions and suggested readings for further learning - Series of animations of complex embryological processes to accompany the text explanations - Clinical correlation boxes, vignettes and summary boxes for quick revision - Many new drawings and photographs - Thoroughly updated with recent research to advance understanding - Expanded treatment of newly understood molecular pathways. - Major updates on gametes, body axis formation, placental pathology, adipose tissue, intestinal and facial development
Scores of talented and dedicated people serve the forensic science community, performing vitally important work. However, they are often constrained by lack of adequate resources, sound policies, and national support. It is clear that change and advancements, both systematic and scientific, are needed in a number of forensic science disciplines to ensure the reliability of work, establish enforceable standards, and promote best practices with consistent application. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward provides a detailed plan for addressing these needs and suggests the creation of a new government entity, the National Institute of Forensic Science, to establish and enforce standards within the forensic science community. The benefits of improving and regulating the forensic science disciplines are clear: assisting law enforcement officials, enhancing homeland security, and reducing the risk of wrongful conviction and exoneration. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States gives a full account of what is needed to advance the forensic science disciplines, including upgrading of systems and organizational structures, better training, widespread adoption of uniform and enforceable best practices, and mandatory certification and accreditation programs. While this book provides an essential call-to-action for congress and policy makers, it also serves as a vital tool for law enforcement agencies, criminal prosecutors and attorneys, and forensic science educators.
This book reevaluates the health risks of ionizing radiation in light of data that have become available since the 1980 report on this subject was published. The data include new, much more reliable dose estimates for the A-bomb survivors, the results of an additional 14 years of follow-up of the survivors for cancer mortality, recent results of follow-up studies of persons irradiated for medical purposes, and results of relevant experiments with laboratory animals and cultured cells. It analyzes the data in terms of risk estimates for specific organs in relation to dose and time after exposure, and compares radiation effects between Japanese and Western populations.
Long-Range Control of Gene Expression covers the current progress in understanding the mechanisms for genomic control of gene expression, which has grown considerably in the last few years as insight into genome organization and chromatin regulation has advanced. Discusses the evolution of cis-regulatory sequences in drosophila Includes information on genomic imprinting and imprinting defects in humans Includes a chapter on epigenetic gene regulation in cancer
The Chromosome 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment serves as the first comprehensive, user-friendly resource on the etiology, prognosis, and recurrence risk associated with the chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Leading international contributors cover the background, genetics, testing methods, and pathophysiology of 22q11.2DS, placing emphasis on a strong foundation for multidisciplinary treatment strategies. Written by specialists in every applicable subspecialty, such as, cardiology, immunology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, hematology, ophthalmology, neurology, and psychiatry, among other fields. This book presents an authoritative resource with full color images that enhance concept illustration and aid in real-time decision-making. As 22q11.2 deletion syndrome has become a model for understanding rare and frequent anomalies, numerous medical issues, cognitive and behavioral phenotypes, and later onset conditions, this text will become the go to resource for clinicians, researchers, trainees, and motivated family members, in gaining a full understanding of this complex chromosomal disorder. Provides a complete description of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome for healthcare professionals, researchers, trainees, and families affected by this common condition Presents diagnostic and treatment strategies to help tackle this complex and often undiagnosed and therefore undertreated condition Covered in a user-friendly, practical format that emphasizes evidence-based evaluation and treatment derived from the latest clinical experience and research in the field Features leading international contributors in numerous sub-specialties, representing the multisystem nature of this condition Includes full color figures, flow charts, tables, and patient images to guide real-time decision-making