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High-throughput sequencing technologies are widely used to study microbial ecology across species and habitats in order to understand the impacts of microbial communities on host health, metabolism, and the environment. Due to the dynamic nature of microbial communities, longitudinal microbiome analyses play an essential role in these types of investigations. Key questions in microbiome studies aim at identifying specific microbial taxa, enterotypes, genes, or metabolites associated with specific outcomes, as well as potential factors that influence microbial communities. However, the characteristics of microbiome data, such as sparsity and skewedness, combined with the nature of data collection, reflected often as uneven sampling or missing data, make commonly employed statistical approaches to handle repeated measures in longitudinal studies inadequate. Therefore, many researchers have begun to investigate methods that could improve incorporating these features when studying clinical, host, metabolic, or environmental associations with longitudinal microbiome data. In addition to the inferential aspect, it is also becoming apparent that visualization of high dimensional data in a way which is both intelligible and comprehensive is another difficult challenge that microbiome researchers face. Visualization is crucial in both the analysis and understanding of metagenomic data. Researchers must create clear graphic representations that give biological insight without being overly complicated. Thus, this Research Topic seeks to both review and provide novels approaches that are being developed to integrate microbiome data and complex metadata into meaningful mathematical, statistical and computational models. We believe this topic is fundamental to understanding the importance of microbial communities and provides a useful reference for other investigators approaching the field.
The Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing (PSB) 2017 is an international, multidisciplinary conference for the presentation and discussion of current research in the theory and application of computational methods in problems of biological significance. Presentations are rigorously peer reviewed and are published in an archival proceedings volume. PSB 2017 will be held on January 4 - 8, 2017 in Kohala Coast, Hawaii. Tutorials and workshops will be offered prior to the start of the conference.PSB 2017 will bring together top researchers from the US, the Asian Pacific nations, and around the world to exchange research results and address open issues in all aspects of computational biology. It is a forum for the presentation of work in databases, algorithms, interfaces, visualization, modeling, and other computational methods, as applied to biological problems, with emphasis on applications in data-rich areas of molecular biology.The PSB has been designed to be responsive to the need for critical mass in sub-disciplines within biocomputing. For that reason, it is the only meeting whose sessions are defined dynamically each year in response to specific proposals. PSB sessions are organized by leaders of research in biocomputing's 'hot topics.' In this way, the meeting provides an early forum for serious examination of emerging methods and approaches in this rapidly changing field.
The book provides an overview on how the microbiome contributes to human health and disease. The microbiome has also become a burgeoning field of research in medicine, agriculture & environment. The readers will obtain profound knowledge on the connection between intestinal microbiota and immune defense systems, medicine, agriculture & environment. The book may address several researchers, clinicians and scholars working in biomedicine, microbiology and immunology. The application of new technologies has no doubt revolutionized the research initiatives providing new insights into the dynamics of these complex microbial communities and their role in medicine, agriculture & environment shall be more emphasized. Drawing on broad range concepts of disciplines and model systems, this book primarily provides a conceptual framework for understanding these human-microbe, animal-microbe & plant-microbe, interactions while shedding critical light on the scientific challenges that lie ahead. Furthermore this book explains why microbiome research demands a creative and interdisciplinary thinking—the capacity to combine microbiology with human, animal and plant physiology, ecological theory with immunology, and evolutionary perspectives with metabolic science.This book provides an accessible and authoritative guide to the fundamental principles of microbiome science, an exciting and fast-emerging new discipline that is reshaping many aspects of the life sciences. These microbial partners can also drive ecologically important traits, from thermal tolerance to diet in a typical immune system, and have contributed to animal and plant diversification over long evolutionary timescales. Also this book explains why microbiome research presents a more complete picture of the biology of humans and other animals, and how it can deliver novel therapies for human health and new strategies.
The Human Microbiota offers a comprehensive review of all human-associated microbial niches in a single volume, focusing on what modern tools in molecular microbiology are revealing about human microbiota, and how specific microbial communities can be associated with either beneficial effects or diseases. An excellent resource for microbiologists, physicians, infectious disease specialists, and others in the field, the book describes the latest research findings and evaluates the most innovative research approaches and technologies. Perspectives from pioneers in human microbial ecology are provided throughout.