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From the 15th century on, engravings influenced European culture almost as profoundly as books. Like stained glass windows in the Middle Ages or television today, popular prints were designed to reach even the lowest orders of society. In the 17th century, Peter Stent, whose shop stood outside Newgate, was England's most prolific seller of popular prints, maps, and copybooks to the working and rising middle classes. His inventory of copper plates reflected the shifts of popular tastes during this period and commented directly on the turbulent events of the day. In documenting Stent's output, Alexander Globe studied the printsellers' advertising catalogues as external controls for reconstructing inventories as well as indices to contemporary tastes. From these and other contemporary sources, Globe cites every engraving and book attributable to Stent, breaking down the material into types: portraits, maps, miscellaneous sheets, and books (including works on handwriting, politics, natural history, anatomy, costume, and architecture). References and additions are made to the catalogues of Donald Wing and A.M. Hind. Globe takes the history of engraving beyond Hind by including prints from the Commonwealth, Protectorate, and early Restoration periods. Eight appendices supplement the catalogue information. They provide evidence for print identificiation, discuss paper sizes, and list Stent's artists, suppliers, and business associates. All the collectiions in which Stent items may be found are named. The volume concludes with a bibliography and indices of subject as well as post-17th century authors. Globe's introduction to Stent's work is concerned with the social, political, and economic conditions leading to the emergence of a popular printseller who catered to a different clientele from that usually studied by art historians. Stent's career illustrates the mid-17th century commercial revolution which saw the artisan's customers change from the wealthy leisure class to the worker who wanted mass-produced cheap goods. Drawing on material in a hundred libraries and museums around the world, the catalogue describes over fifteen hundred engravings, including 319 sheets and five books of portraits, 42 maps, 102 miscellaneous prints and sets (with religious, classical, heeraldic, and satirical subjects), and 86 books (on handwriting, politics, military training, natural history, figure sketches, costume, architecture, and ornament). Richly illustrated with 319 plates, Peter Stent will prove valuable not only to print dealers, art historians, museums, and libraries, but also to social, cultural, and political historians.
British Museum Keeper of Prints offers complete history, 15th-century to 1914; accomplishments, influences, artistic merit. 111 illustrations. Chapters include: The Earliest Engravers, The Great Masters of Engraving, The Decline of Original Engraving, and more.
Because of their spectacular, naturalistic pictures of plants and the human body, Leonhart Fuchs’s De historia stirpium and Andreas Vesalius’s De humani corporis fabrica are landmark publications in the history of the printed book. But as Picturing the Book of Nature makes clear, they do more than bear witness to the development of book publishing during the Renaissance and to the prominence attained by the fields of medical botany and anatomy in European medicine. Sachiko Kusukawa examines these texts, as well as Conrad Gessner’s unpublished Historia plantarum, and demonstrates how their illustrations were integral to the emergence of a new type of argument during this period—a visual argument for the scientific study of nature. To set the stage, Kusukawa begins with a survey of the technical, financial, artistic, and political conditions that governed the production of printed books during the Renaissance. It was during the first half of the sixteenth century that learned authors began using images in their research and writing, but because the technology was so new, there was a great deal of variety of thought—and often disagreement—about exactly what images could do: how they should be used, what degree of authority should be attributed to them, which graphic elements were bearers of that authority, and what sorts of truths images could and did encode. Kusukawa investigates the works of Fuchs, Gessner, and Vesalius in light of these debates, scrutinizing the scientists’ treatment of illustrations and tracing their motivation for including them in their works. What results is a fascinating and original study of the visual dimension of scientific knowledge in the sixteenth century.