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Narratives of the modern history of Palestine/Israel often begin with the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and Britain's arrival in 1917. However, this work argues that the contest over Palestine has its roots deep in the 19th century, with Victorians who first cast the Holy Land as an area to be possessed by empire, then began to devise schemes for its settler colonization. The product of historical research among almost forgotten guidebooks, archives and newspaper clippings, this book presents a previously unwritten chapter of Britain's colonial desire, and reveals how indigenous Palestinians began to react against, or accommodate themselves to, the West's fascination with their ancestral land. From the travellers who tried to overturn Jerusalem's holiest sites, to an uprising sparked by a church bell and a missionary's tragic actions, to one Palestinian's eventful visit to the heart of the British Empire, Palestine in the Victorian Age reveals how the events of the nineteenth century have cast a long shadow over the politics of Palestine/Israel ever since.
十五世紀末，歐洲人開始駕著船，帶著航海家、冒險家、傳教士、商人、軍人等航向不知名的世界各地。影響所及非三言兩 語可以道盡。台灣的地理位置正處於歐洲人由印度洋東航太平洋尤其到遠東的必經之地。1544年葡萄牙航海家從台灣附近的海域 遙望這個連綿青山綠水的海島，給了它「Ilha Formosa」（美麗島）後，Formosa遂成為西方人對台灣的稱呼了。從此也影響了台灣 歷史的發展。 在歐洲對外擴張及殖民政策影響下，十七世紀荷蘭人（1624−1662）與西班牙人（1626−1642）先後在台灣南部、北部佔領並 統治過台灣。之後，世界霸權由英國人取代，而中國在經過清初盛世後衰象逐漸出現。所以，英國逐漸取代荷蘭、西班牙、葡萄 牙在遠東積極擴張勢力尋求打開中國門戶，終於爆發中英鴉片戰爭（1840）開啟了中國淪為世界列強的次殖民地國家的一頁。與 此並行發展的是西方人積極瞭解並介紹東方的民族、語言、習俗、歷史、地理、宗教等等給自己同胞，便於傳教、經商、辦 理外交甚至統治。所以在鴉片戰爭前後於中國境內或香港等地創辦了幾份英文報紙、期刊。其中包括The Chinese Repository (1832 −1851), The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal (1867−1941)及The China Review (1872−1906)。 三種刊物均創刊於十九世紀。內容上，The Chinese Recorder比較偏向基督新教在中國的傳教活動報導與討論，其他兩種除了時 勢報導外，有比較多學術性的研究專文。三種刊物的體例不僅彼此間不同，各刊物的體例長期下來亦各自有所增減。無論如何， 這三種刊物為後世留下西方人以英文書寫當時有關中國或鄰近地區的紀實；也留下十九世紀西方人對這些地區各方面的研究成 果，而且從他們選擇的題材與用字遣詞也可觀察到他們對東方民族與文化所抱持的意識型態。然而，三種刊物有一共同現象及與 當時中國行政版圖各省作比較（包括1895年台灣割讓日本到1900年為止），Formosa的報導及研究專文佔著相當大的比重。似乎在 十九世紀西方人心目中，Formosa所代表的是一個非常特別而單獨的一個地理區域。本書即是此三種刊物中有關Formosa的相關 報導及研究專文的集子。為免浪費人力與紙張，三種刊物中有四篇G. Taylor的文章被G. Dudbridge收入Aborigines of South Taiwan in the 1880s , 另一篇Rev. W. Campbell,“The Early Dutch Missionin Formosa”是作者的An Account of Missionary Success in the Island of Formosa 的第一章，所以這五篇不再重覆編入本集子。 三本刊物中Formosa的資料，大致分為專題性文章，旅行或航行錄，關於Formosa的出版品介紹或書評，通訊（Correspon dence）與日誌（Journal）等四類。內容包括：台、澎的地理，台灣的歷史、物產，國姓爺的生平，原住民的族群、語言、宗教、迷信、醫病方式，台灣沿海發生的船難及交涉，天災與動亂，中法戰爭（1884）甲午戰爭（1894−95）期間及戰後台灣的狀況，基督 新教在台灣的傳教活動及遭遇的困難、信徒人數的統計、淡水偕醫館（Mackay Mission Hospital）與牛津學堂（Oxford college）的成 立與年度報告，有關Formosa的新書出版訊息與書評等等，堪稱包羅萬象可補台灣史研究資料不足。 The Chinese Repository, The Chinese Recorder及The China Review僅僅是十九世紀西方人探討東方之刊物的一部份。個人精力有 限，期待後進者能從其他西方刊物著手將Formosa的研究資料編輯出來，讓研究十九世紀台灣史的資料更集中，研究成果更客 觀、更豐碩。
Examines the entanglement of secularity and liberality in the foundation of the modern state in Britain. "Modern" Britain emerged from the outcome of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars. The rather standard Whig account of the long nineteenth century is one of growing stability, progress and improvement. And yet nothing was preordained or inevitable about the period's stability. Ruling elites felt the constant anxieties of revolutionary terrorism. As Lubenow argues, it was a period of disorganization seeking organization. The great nineteenth-century reform acts against religious monopoly were aspects of this process of political organization. While religion did not disappear, these political actions gradually changed the constitutional position of religion. As a result, a political vacuum was created which was then filled by a secular "clerisy". These "fit and proper persons", educated in the reformed universities, qualified by success in competitive examinations, began to fill positions in the Civil Service and in the professions. The effect was to replace the eighteenth-century system of confessional loyalties with a liberal political culture based on merit. Lubenow's latest study examines the work of these intertwining nineteenth-century secular-liberal processes. Steeped deeply in archival research, this book considers biographical characteristics such as education, political connections and social associations, but it is equally conceptually guided by categories such as liberalism and secularism. It fills an important gap in the political history of nineteenth-century British liberalism by taking up the question of entanglement of secularity and liberality in the foundation of the modern state.
Public life in Great Britain underwent a major transformation after the repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts in 1828 and the passage of the Catholic Relief Act of 1829, which eliminated the requirement that men in public positions swear to uphold the doctrines of the Anglican Church. According to Lubenow (Stockton College), these legislative changes initiated a fundamental reallocation of power, opening many careers to men of talent and educational qualifications, including those whose perspectives and intellectual dispositions led them to question the validity of uniform religious dogma. Lubenow identifies members of the Benson, Strachey, Balfour, Lyttelton, and Sitwell families among the "Men of Letters" who epitomized the 19th century's new secular meritocracy, noting that when religious uniformity was removed as a requirement for positions in the public sphere, religion became more important, if more fluid, in the lives of such Britons. Thus, men of intellectual merit, rather than only those from the more conservative landowning or military traditions, were able to rise in politics, civil service, the clergy, the professions, and the universities, taking their liberal values regarding liberty, moral cultivation, and philosophy into the wider public sphere. Summing Up: Recommended. Graduate students, faculty. Graduate Students; Researchers/Faculty. Reviewed by E. J. Jenkins.
Account of high politics in late Victorian period containing papers available only since 1991.
Nineteenth-century New Brunswick society was dominated by white, Protestant, Anglophone men. Yet, during this time of state formation in Canada, women increasingly helped to define and shape a provincial outlook. I wish to keep a record is the first book to focus exclusively on the life-course experiences of nineteenth-century New Brunswick women. Gail G. Campbell offers an interpretive scholarly analysis of 28 women’s diaries while enticing readers to listen to the voices of the diarists. Their diaries show women constructing themselves as individuals, assuming their essential place in building families and communities, and shaping their society by directing its outward gaze and envisioning its future. Campbell’s lively analysis calls on scholars to distinguish between immigrant and native-born women and to move beyond present-day conceptions of such women’s world. This unique study provides a framework for developing an understanding of women's worlds in nineteenth-century North America.