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This book is intended for graduate students and research mathematicians interested in mathematical logic and foundations.
This book presents the theory of proper forcing and its relatives from the beginning. No prior knowledge of forcing is required.
Focuses on the relationship between definable forcing and descriptive set theory; the forcing serves as a tool for proving independence of inequalities between cardinal invariants of the continuum.
This book consists of several survey and research papers covering a wide range of topics in active areas of set theory and set theoretic topology. Some of the articles present, for the first time in print, knowledge that has been around for several years and known intimately to only a few experts. The surveys bring the reader up to date on the latest information in several areas that have been surveyed a decade or more ago. Topics covered in the volume include combinatorial and descriptive set theory, determinacy, iterated forcing, Ramsey theory, selection principles, set-theoretic topology, and universality, among others. Graduate students and researchers in logic, especially set theory, descriptive set theory, and set-theoretic topology, will find this book to be a very valuable reference.
Set theory is an autonomous and sophisticated field of mathematics that is extremely successful at analyzing mathematical propositions and gauging their consistency strength. It is as a field of mathematics that both proceeds with its own internal questions and is capable of contextualizing over a broad range, which makes set theory an intriguing and highly distinctive subject. This handbook covers the rich history of scientific turning points in set theory, providing fresh insights and points of view. Written by leading researchers in the field, both this volume and the Handbook as a whole are definitive reference tools for senior undergraduates, graduate students and researchers in mathematics, the history of philosophy, and any discipline such as computer science, cognitive psychology, and artificial intelligence, for whom the historical background of his or her work is a salient consideration - Serves as a singular contribution to the intellectual history of the 20th century - Contains the latest scholarly discoveries and interpretative insights
This title provides a comprehensive examination of non-uniform lattices on uniform trees. Topics include graphs of groups, tree actions and edge-indexed graphs; $Aut(x)$ and its discrete subgroups; existence of tree lattices; non-uniform coverings of indexed graphs with an arithmetic bridge; non-uniform coverings of indexed graphs with a separating edge; non-uniform coverings of indexed graphs with a ramified loop; eliminating multiple edges; existence of arithmetic bridges. This book is intended for graduate students and research mathematicians interested in group theory and generalizations.
The contents in this volume are based on the program Sets and Computations that was held at the Institute for Mathematical Sciences, National University of Singapore from 30 March until 30 April 2015. This special collection reports on important and recent interactions between the fields of Set Theory and Computation Theory. This includes the new research areas of computational complexity in set theory, randomness beyond the hyperarithmetic, powerful extensions of Goodstein's theorem and the capturing of large fragments of set theory via elementary-recursive structures.Further chapters are concerned with central topics within Set Theory, including cardinal characteristics, Fraïssé limits, the set-generic multiverse and the study of ideals. Also Computation Theory, which includes computable group theory and measure-theoretic aspects of Hilbert's Tenth Problem. A volume of this broad scope will appeal to a wide spectrum of researchers in mathematical logic.
Sufficient conditions are obtained for the continuity of renormalized self-intersection local times for the multiple intersections of a large class of strongly symmetric L vy processes in $R DEGREESm$, $m=1,2$. In $R DEGREES2$ these include Brownian motion and stable processes of index greater than 3/2, as well as many processes in their domains of attraction. In $R DEGREES1$ these include stable processes of index $3/4
This monograph presents a systematic study of Special Groups, a first-order universal-existential axiomatization of the theory of quadratic forms, which comprises the usual theory over fields of characteristic different from 2, and is dual to the theory of abstract order spaces. The heart of our theory begins in Chapter 4 with the result that Boolean algebras have a natural structure of reduced special group. More deeply, every such group is canonically and functorially embedded in a certain Boolean algebra, its Boolean hull. This hull contains a wealth of information about the structure of the given special group, and much of the later work consists in unveiling it. Thus, in Chapter 7 we introduce two series of invariants "living" in the Boolean hull, which characterize the isometry of forms in any reduced special group. While the multiplicative series--expressed in terms of meet and symmetric difference--constitutes a Boolean version of the Stiefel-Whitney invariants, the additive series--expressed in terms of meet and join--, which we call Horn-Tarski invariants, does not have a known analog in the field case; however, the latter have a considerably more regular behaviour. We give explicit formulas connecting both series, and compute explicitly the invariants for Pfister forms and their linear combinations. In Chapter 9 we combine Boolean-theoretic methods with techniques from Galois cohomology and a result of Voevodsky to obtain an affirmative solution to a long standing conjecture of Marshall concerning quadratic forms over formally real Pythagorean fields. Boolean methods are put to work in Chapter 10 to obtain information about categories of special groups, reduced or not. And again in Chapter 11 to initiate the model-theoretic study of the first-order theory of reduced special groups, where, amongst other things we determine its model-companion. The first-order approach is also present in the study of some outstanding classes of morphisms carried out in Chapter 5, e.g., the pure embeddings of special groups. Chapter 6 is devoted to the study of special groups of continuous functions.
Let $N\in\mathbb{N}$, $N\geq2$, be given. Motivated by wavelet analysis, this title considers a class of normal representations of the $C DEGREES{\ast}$-algebra $\mathfrak{A}_{N}$ on two unitary generators $U$, $V$ subject to the relation $UVU DEGREES{-1}=V DEGREES{N}$. The representations are in one-to-one correspondence with solutions $h\in L DEGREES{1}\left(\mathbb{T}\right)$, $h\geq0$, to $R\left(h\right)=h$ where $R$ is a certain transfer operator (positivity-preserving) which was studied previously by D. Ruelle. The representations of $\mathfrak{A}_{N}$ may also be viewed as representations of a certain (discrete) $N$-adic $ax+b$ group which was considered recently