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This book provides a comprehensive analysis of Scandinavia as a regional international society, including the Nordic Peace and the rise of the Scandinavian welfare state. Schouenborg aims to take the next big step in the theoretical development of the English School of International Relations - particularly the structural version introduced by Barry Buzan. He analyses the formation of a Scandinavian regional international society over a 200-year period and develops the concepts of ‘primary institutions’ and ‘binding forces’ as an analytical framework. In doing so, he not only offers one of the first systematic applications of English School structural theory, but also sheds a new comparative light on the distinctiveness of Scandinavian international relations, and provides a novel intervention in the debates about the emergence of the so-called Nordic Peace. In the first part of the book Schouenborg explains the core concepts and discusses how one may distinguish a regional international society from the broader global international society in which it is embedded. In the second part he provides an in-depth study of the Scandinavian case, focussing on the periods 1815 to 1919; 1919 to 1989; and 1989 to 2010. The Scandinavian International Societywill be of interest to students and scholars of international relations theory, Scandinavian international relations and history, and researchers engaged in comparative welfare state studies.
Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2021-547/ The Finnish presidency project on data exchange "Achieving the World's Smoothest Cross-Border Mobility and Daily Life Through Digitalisation" (2021–2023) has produced this baseline study report. The report outlines the current situation of cross-border data exchange between authorities in the Nordic and Baltic countries, while focusing on the three work packages of the presidency project: Studying in another Nordic-Baltic country, using health services in another Nordic-Baltic country, and the versatile use of the Nordic-Baltic legislative databases. Additionally, the barriers to cross-border data exchange was assessed based on the four interoperability layers of the European Interoperability Framework: legal, organisational, semantic and technical interoperability. The report will form the basis of the continued work of the presidency project.
Since 2001, the ETUC and ETUI have produced Benchmarking Working Europe for the European Social Summit to draw attention to the state of working Europe. This publication aims to provide a genuine benchmarking exercise applied to the world of labour and social affairs grounded in effective labour and social rights. It establishes what progress – or lack of it – has taken place in selected areas of significance for social Europe and of importance to the trade unions. This year’s edition of Benchmarking Working Europe focuses on what we see as one of the root causes of the great recession, namely the issue of inequalities going far beyond income inequality. Growing inequalities lead to growing feelings of injustice and lack of social cohesion both within and across countries, and at the same time, to a loss of human potential in its broadest sense. In this respect, this publication raises serious concerns as to the current direction of social and labour rights in the European Union. Four main messages which we would like to highlight are: 1. Social inequality, in its many forms, is worsening in nearly all EU countries, and not only on account of the succession of financial, economic and debt crises. 2. Between the EU member states, the trend for the poorer economies to catch up with the richer ones, leading to greater convergence has been halted and even reversed. 3. The European discourse that new post-crisis growth will solve the temporary phenomenon of rising inequalities is fundamentally flawed. The link between growth and equality has snapped and the tide is no longer rising for all. 4. The political remedies must in future focus on a redistribution and ‘deconcentration’ of wealth.
This comprehensive and innovative book demonstrates the dynamics of welfare policies in different socioeconomic settings by providing comparative analyses of the Baltic and Nordic welfare state systems. The book contributes to finding and reflecting upon innovative solutions to common challenges in European welfare states.
Are we living in an age of permanent austerity? In this insightful book, Bent Greve provides a comprehensive empirical analysis of welfare states since 2000, exploring the ways by which austerity can be measured and quantified. Through detailed comparative analysis between states, this book dissects the implementation of economic retrenchment, its extent and impact in Europe.
Introduction ; Part I The Use of Economic Instruments in Environmental Policy in the Nordic and Baltic Countries; 1. Main developments in EU environmental policy legislation and implications for environ mental policy instruments in the Nordic and Baltic countries; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Economic instruments linked to energy and air emissions; 1.3 Economic instruments used in water policy - water quantity as well as water quality issues; 1.4 Economic instruments addressing waste issues and the different types of waste.