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This document presents state-of-the-practice information on the evaluation of soil and rock properties for geotechnical design applications. This document addresses the entire range of materials potentially encountered in highway engineering practice, from soft clay to intact rock and variations of materials that fall between these two extremes. Information is presented on parameters measured, evaluation of data quality, and interpretation of properties for conventional soil and rock laboratory testing, as well as in situ devices such as field vane testing, cone penetration testing, dilatometer, pressuremeter, and borehole jack. This document provides the design engineer with information that can be used to develop a rationale for accepting or rejecting data and for resolving inconsistencies between data provided by different laboratories and field tests. This document also includes information on: (1) the use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Personal Data Assistance devices for the collection and interpretation of subsurface information; (2) quantitative measures for evaluating disturbance of laboratory soil samples; and (3) the use of measurements from geophysical testing techniques to obtain information on the modulus of soil. Also included are chapters on evaluating properties of special soil materials (e.g., loess, cemented sands, peats and organic soils, etc.) and the use of statistical information in evaluating anomalous data and obtaining design values for soil and rock properties. An appendix of three detailed soil and rock property selection examples is provided which illustrate the application of the methods described in the document.
This document presents state-of-the-practice information on the evaluation of soil and rock properties for geotechnical design applications. This document addresses the entire range of materials potentially encountered in highway engineering practice, from soft clay to intact rock and variations of materials that fall between these two extremes. Information is presented on parameters measured, evaluation of data quality, and interpretation of properties for conventional soil and rock laboratory testing, as well as in situ devices such as field vane testing, cone penetration testing, dilatometer, pressuremeter, and borehole jack. This document provides the design engineer with information that can be used to develop a rationale for accepting or rejecting data and for resolving inconsistencies between data provided by different laboratories and field tests. This document also includes information on: (1) the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Personal Data Assistance devices for the collection and interpretation of subsurface information; (2) quantitative measure for evaluating disturbance of laboratory soil samples; and (3) the use of measurements from geophysical testing techniques to obtain information on the modulus of soil. Also included are chapters on evaluating properties of special soil materials (e.g., loess, cemented sands, peats and organic soils, etc.) and the use of statistical information in evaluating anomalous data and obtaining design values for soil and rock properties. An appendix of three detailed soil and rock property selection examples is provided which illustrate the application of the methods described in the document.
Earthwork projects are critical components in civil construction and often require detailed management techniques and unique solution methods to address failures. Being earth bound, earthwork is influenced by geomaterial properties at the onset of a project. Hence, an understanding of the in-situ soil properties is essential. Slope stability is a common problem facing earthwork construction, such as excavations and shored structures. Analytical methods for slope stability remain critical for researchers due to the mechanical complexity of the system. Striving for better earthwork project managements, the geotechnical engineering community continues to find improved testing techniques for determining sensitive properties of soil and rock, including stress-wave based, non-destructive testing methods. To minimize failure during earthwork construction, past case studies and data may reveal useful lessons and information to improve project management and minimize economic losses. This volume is part of the proceedings of the 1st GeoMEast International Congress and Exhibition on Sustainable Civil Infrastructures, Egypt 2017.
This paper presents the current state of the art in automated laboratory testing used to evaluate the stress-strain-strength properties of soils. The authors draw on their own experience in automated testing, as well as summarizing the results of a literature search. The paper first presents the basic principles of automating laboratory soils testing, including information concerning approaches to each component of a typical automated system. There is a review of instrumentation and its role in the automated system, as well as principles of data acquisition for the laboratory. This includes a description of hardware and software options and data management techniques. The components used for applying stresses and deformations to the soil specimen are described, including electro-mechanical hardware developments related to automating the device. In addition, fundamental control software algorithms are reviewed and examples given of how algorithms are implemented in different testing device applications. Literature is summarized concerning automation of specific devices. The paper is intended to bring both the practitioner and the researcher up to date on the current state of automated soils testing for determining stress-strain-strength properties. It concludes by discussing future trends in this area, and argues that a new generation of automated equipment is imminent and necessary, as new technologies and a new wave of megaprojects force laboratories to upgrade older systems.
This geotechnical laboratory manual for civil engineering, civil engineering technology, and construction science students and professionals uses a simple, direct style to explain each test procedure. It offers guidelines on collecting and evaluating data, as well as presenting the results properly: Typical values are given for many of the tests to help students decide if their results are reasonable. "Some of the key features include: " Updated to conform to the very latest information from ASTM. Definitions and objectives of tests are fully explained. Step-by-step numerical calculations. Engineering uses of the tests to show how the results are used in practical engineering applications. A unique chapter presents a visual-manual procedure for describing and identifying soils. Coverage of the consolidated undrained (CU) triaxial test. Photographs of various types of soil testing equipment. Software included that allows the user to more easily analyze collected data.
Introductory technical guidance for civil, structural and geotechnical engineers interested in engineering properties of soil an rock. Here is what is discussed: 1. SCOPE 2. COMPACTION CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL 3. DENSITY OF COHESIONLESS SOILS 4. PERMEABILITY 5. CONSOLIDATION 6. SWELLING, SHRINKAGE AND COLLAPSIBILITY 7. SHEAR STRENGTH OF SOILS 8. ELASTIC PROPERTIES 9. MODULUS OF SUBGRADE REACTION 10. COEFFICIENT OF AT-REST EARTH PRESSURE.
"Although the triaxial compression test is presently the most widely used procedure for determining strength and stress-deformation properties of soils, there have been no books published on triaxial testing since the 1962 second edition of the landmark work The Measurement of Soil Properties in the Triaxial Test by Bishop and Henkel. It is apparent there is a need to document advances made in triaxial testing since publication of Bishop and Henkel's book and to examine the current state of the art in a forum devoted solely to triaxial testing. Because of increasing versatility brought about by recent developments in testing techniques and equipment, it is also important that the geotechnical profession be provided with an up-to-date awareness of potential uses for the triaxial test."--Overview.
Following on from the first two volumes, published in 2002, volumes 3 and 4 of Characterisation and Engineering Properties of Natural Soils review laboratory testing, in-situ testing, and methods of characterising natural soil variability, illustrated by actual site data. Less well-documented soil types are highlighted and the various papers take i