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Volume one of a new series of Diatom Monographs vol.2 due in June 2002 Standing orders are invited.
This much revised and expanded edition provides a valuable and detailed summary of the many uses of diatoms in a wide range of applications in the environmental and earth sciences. Particular emphasis is placed on the use of diatoms in analysing ecological problems related to climate change, acidification, eutrophication, and other pollution issues. The chapters are divided into sections for easy reference, with separate sections covering indicators in different aquatic environments. A final section explores diatom use in other fields of study such as forensics, oil and gas exploration, nanotechnology, and archaeology. Sixteen new chapters have been added since the first edition, including introductory chapters on diatom biology and the numerical approaches used by diatomists. The extensive glossary has also been expanded and now includes over 1,000 detailed entries, which will help non-specialists to use the book effectively.
The freshwater and terrestrial diatom composition of the Subantarctic island Ile de la Possession is investigated in detail. The island is part of the Crozet Archipelago, situated in the southern Indian Ocean. A total of 220 diatom taxa, belonging to 44 genera have been identified after surveying more than 500 samples, taken from all over the island. The most diverse genera are Pirmularia (41 taxa), Nitzschia (19 taxa), Psammothidium (13 taxa) and Diadesmis (11 taxa). Detailed SEM analysis of all observed taxa resulted in the description of several new species and varieties, especially in the genera Diadesmis and Pinnularia, whereas several others need further observations to be described later on as new taxa. In addition, the taxonomy of the so-called Subantarctic taxa has been thoroughly revised based on the most recent insights. All taxa are morphologically and ecologically characterized and elaborately documented with both LM and SEM micrographs.
Study of Diatoms in the Wetlands and Salt Marshes ofNE Spain. Another volume in the series Diatom Monographs.
The diatom genus Stauroneis comprises far more species than actually known. This detailed morphological and taxonomical study of Stauroneis in samples from both the Arctic and (sub-)Antarctic Regions has resulted in the description of 40 new Stauroneis taxa. The 'catch-all' taxoa Stauroneis phoenicenteron, St. anceps and St. obtusa are thoroughly investigated and a lot of new (related) taxa are split off and described. Five taxa are only described provisionally, two from the Antarctic and two from the Arctic Region. It is possible that they represent also new species but more research on other populations should clarify their status. Two species are described in this book from the Mediterranean Sardinia island and Central Europe respectively because they might be confused with the Arctic and/or (sub-)Antarctic taxa.
Scientific research on cold-adapted microorganisms (specifically polar microbes) is of great interest, since Arctic and Antarctic regions harbor diverse and active populations of microorganisms. However, these microorganisms are subject to impacts of environmental perturbations. For example, climate change will modulate the distribution and activity of many cyanobacteria and algal species in polar environments that contribute significantly to global carbon fixation and oxygen production. Moreover, many microorganisms that have remained frozen for thousands of years can revive their metabolic activity and re-join the modern microbial community. For survival in freezing environments, polar microorganisms have established specific regulatory mechanisms which are now being challenged by new, rapidly changing environmental conditions. Remarkable progress has been made to uncover microbial adaptation to anthropogenic activities such as high irradiance, nutritional deprivation, UV-B radiation, heat, cold, desiccation, and heavy metals. Studies have enabled a basic understanding of gene regulatory pathways for morphological, physiological, metabolic, and genetic adaptations to various environmental stresses. To further elucidate physiological adaptation mechanisms and molecular diversity in polar regions, this Research Topic is focused on microbes in polar regions, looking at their biodiversity, ecological adaptations, the impact of climate change on their lifestyles, and biotechnological application of microbes for a sustainable future.