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Non-ionising electromagnetic radiation - ultraviolet, visible, infrared, microwave, radio frequency and laser radiation - have exciting medical applications but are also potentially hazardous. Lasers are a late-twentieth-century phenomenon which present new opportunites in surgery as well as the potential for inflicting serious biological damage. By contrast, microwave and radiofrequency radiation have always been present but now the levels from man-made sources far exceed the natural background levels. Human exposure to ultraviolet radiation has also increased dramatically in recent years due to altered environmental status as well as changing recreational habits. This handbook describes the medical applications and health implications of such radiation, and emphasises the medical physics aspects of the subject, including safety in the hospital environment. The book concentrates on effects which are regarded as accepted given the current state of our knowledge, but discussion of more controversial ideas relating the 'electromagnetic pollution' is included for a complete picture. The Medical Physics Handbooks aim to provide up-to-date information on topics of interest on the field of medical physics. This volume will be useful to all medical and health physicists, health and safety officers in hospitals and industry, physicians and surgeons who use non-ionising radiation of one type or another, hospital administrators, and graduate physicists about to enter these fields.
An Introduction to Non-Ionizing Radiation provides a comprehensive understanding of non-ionizing radiation (NIR), exploring its uses and potential risks. The information is presented in a simple and concise way to facilitate easy understanding of relevant concepts and applications. Chapters provide a summary and include relevant equations that explain NIR physics. Other features of the book include colorful illustrations and detailed reference lists. With a focus on safety and protection, the book also explains how to mitigate the adverse effects of non-ionizing radiation with the help of ANSI guidelines and regulations. An Introduction to Non-Ionizing Radiation comprises twelve chapters, each explaining various aspects of non-ionizing radiation, including: Fundamental concepts of non-ionizing radiation including types and sources Interaction with matter Electromagnetic fields The electromagnetic wave spectrum (UV, visible light, IR waves, microwaves and radio waves) Lasers Acoustic waves and ultrasound Regulations for non-ionizing radiation. Risk management of non-ionizing radiation The book is intended as a primer on non-ionizing radiation for a broad range of scholars and professionals in physics, engineering and clinical medicine.
Report on occupational safety hazards arising from non- ionising electromagnetic radiation - covers microwave and radiofrequency radiation, power frequencies and extremely low frequencies, ultraviolet, visible and infrared radiation and Laser radiation; discusses radiation sources, measurement of biological effects, exposure limits, radiation protection, etc.
This volume contains the formal record of the lectures presented at the 9th Course of the International School of Radiation Damage and Protection held at the "E . Majorana" International Centre for Scientific Culture in Erice (Italy) from May 9 to May 20, 1989. This course was the last of a series of 4 courses, started in 1981, that were dedicated to the assessment of risk hazard from non-ionizing radiation. The proceedings of these courses were all published by Plenum Press with the following headings: 1) M. Grandolfo, S. M. Michaelson and A. Rindi, Eds. : "Biological Effects and Dosimetry of Nonionizing Radiation; Radiofrequency and Microwave Energy", Plenum Press, New York, NATO ASI Series A Life Sciences, Vo1. 49 (1983); 2) M. Grandolfo, S. M. Michaelson and A. Rindi, Eds. : "Biological Effects and Dosimetry of Static and ELF Electromagnetic Fields", Plenum Press, New York, E. Majorana International Science Series, Life Sciences, Vol. 19 (1985) ; 3) M. H. Repacholi, M. Grandolfo and A. Rindi, Eds. : "Ultrasound; medical applications, biological effects and hazard potential", Plenum Press, New York (1987). We hope that all these volumes together may represent a complete textbook and a reference for the students and scientists interested in the physics, biology, measurement and dosimetry, health effects and standard setting, in short, the risk assessment of that wide field of radiation presently classified as non-ionizing radiation. We are indebted to the Associa?ione Italiana Protezione dalle Radiazioni (AIRP), The Internat:l.
A comprehensive review of non-ionizing radiation and its public health and environmental risks, for researchers, policy makers, and laymen This book explains the characteristics of all forms of electromagnetic non-ionizing radiation (NIR) and analyzes the relationship between exposure and its biological effects, as well as the known dose-response relationships associated with each. Taking a uniquely holistic approach to the concept of health that builds upon the WHO definition to include not only absence of disease, but the physical, mental and social well-being of individuals and the population, it reviews established and potential risks and protections, along with regulatory issues associated with each. The risks to public health of NIR, whether in the form of UV light, radio waves from wireless devices, or electric and magnetic fields associated with electrical power systems, is currently a cause of great concern among members of the public and lawmakers. But in order to separate established science from speculation and make informed decisions about how to mitigate the risks of NIR and allocate precious resources, policymakers, manufacturers, and individuals need a comprehensive source of up-to-date information based on the current scientific evidence. Written by a team of experts in their fields, this book is that source. Among other things, it: Summarizes scientific findings on the safety of different forms of NIR and the rationale behind current standards Describes devices for monitoring NIR along with the established and potential hazards of each form Explores proper protections against UV light and lasers, RF radiation, ELF fields and other forms of NIR Discusses how to avoid injuries through occupational training or public awareness programs, and how to perform medical assessments in cases of suspected NIR injuries Considers how to decide whether or not to spend money on certain mitigation measures, based on cost-benefit analyses Offering expert reviews and analyses of the latest scientific findings and public policy issues concerning the risks to public health and the environment of NIR, Non-ionizing Radiation Protection is an indispensable source of information for manufacturers, government regulators, and regulatory agencies, as well as researchers, concerned laypersons, and students.
A comprehensive and practical overview In the last two decades, there has been a virtual explosion in the use of lasers in medicine, especially in the field of cosmetic dermatology. In fact, many of the clinical conditions presented today are solely treated by lasers. When discussing the term lasers', many different types of lasers and other similar energy-based devices have to be considered. Physicians who look upon this vast field often find themselves facing an extremely complex physics-based area of medicine with a veritable jungle of different devices on offer. This book provides a structured and comprehensive overview of the physical knowledge required to understand laser medicine and surgery. Moreover, the various clinical indications and treatments are clearly laid out and discussed. The authors, all experts in their field, have provided concise and topical chapters, which have purposely been kept generic when talking about the various lasers in order to increase the longevity of this volume.
One of the newer environmental hazards is nonionizing radiation (NIR), which may lead to adverse effects on human health. Exposure to NIR extends from occupational health right into the field of public health. When considering exposure limits and setting up control programmes, the heterogeneity of the population to be protected has to be kept in mind. Possible genetic and carcinogenic effects, as well as effects on development, have all to be carefully considered and are of prime importance in protecting the public. Therefore, one of the major efforts within the radiation sector of the programme during these years was directed towards the development of this book, which I now introduce with pleasure to a broad professional audience. This publication represents the results of the collaborative effort of over 200 experts from 20 countries.
Completely updated version this classic reference covers both physical hazards and biological agents Provides updated information on protecting workers from proven and possible health risks from manual material handling, extremes of temperature and pressure, ionizing and non-ionizing (magnetic fields) radiation, shiftwork, and more Details major changes in our understanding of biological hazards including Ebola, Chikungunya, Zika, HIV, Hepatitis C, Lyme disease, MERS-CoV, TB, and much more All infectious diseases have been updated from an occupational health perspective Includes practical guidance on to how to set up medical surveillance for hazards and suggests preventive measures that can be used to reduce occupational diseases