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Urban and industrial noise pollution is present in virtually every country in the world. Noise pollution studies are therefore needed to find solutions to improve the quality of life in cities. This book contains eighteen chapters that address the problem of noise in urban and industrial environments. One of the chapters evaluates how noise is perceived by the residents of three cities with different population densities, and a methodology is presented for the assessment of road traffic noise in one of these cities, using noise maps. Noise pollution is also evaluated on a university campus and at leisure locations such as public parks. Industrial noise is discussed in two chapters, and solutions are proposed to reduce the noise levels that reach communities located in the proximities of a metal working plant and a paper mill. One of the chapters focuses on technical standards and noise assessment regulations. Another proposes a methodology aided by three-dimensional acoustic mapping to design the sound insulation of building facades. The problems caused by rail traffic noise and aircraft noise levels are discussed in two other chapters, based on measured sound pressure levels, interviews and noise maps. A prediction matrix for the assessment of traffic-related noise pollution is presented in another chapter. This matrix, which is based on noise prediction maps, allows for the qualification and quantification of the global impact of environmental noise resulting from the implementation of a road construction project and its operation. The last chapter in this book focuses on a unique problem that most people are rarely aware of; this problem is the effects of traffic noise on the acoustic signals emitted by birds in an urban environment. The analyses discussed in this book are based on field measurements of sound pressure levels and computer calculations of noise maps. Noise mapping is a highly effective technique to visualise the problem of noise in large urban centers and noise generated by manufacturing plants. This technique facilitates the search for answers to the problem of noise pollution and is helpful for comparing solutions, enabling one to select the most effective and economically feasible solution. Several case studies are described throughout the book. These are examples of real cases, which were used to assess the quality of urban and industrial environments. Based on measurements, noise maps are calculated to show the current status of noise pollution. Subsequent analyses based on noise mapping simulations indicate the urban and industrial noise abatement measures recommended for the cases in question. The target audience of this book includes undergraduate and graduate students, as well as professionals working in the areas of environmental management of cities, of factories, in architecture, urban design, in environmental, mechanical and civil engineering, urban planning, and health care professional planning.
Environmental Noise Pollution: Noise Mapping, Public Health and Policy addresses the key debates surrounding environmental noise pollution with a particular focus on the European Union. Environmental noise pollution is an emerging public policy and environmental concern and is considered to be one of the most important environmental stressors affecting public health throughout the world. This book examines environmental noise pollution, its health implications, the role of strategic noise mapping for problem assessment, major sources of environmental noise pollution, noise mitigation approaches, and related procedural and policy implications. Drawing on the authors' considerable research expertise in the area, the book is the first coherent work on this major environmental stressor, a new benchmark reference across disciplinary, policy and national boundaries. Highlights recent developments in the policy arena with particular focus on developments in the EU within the context of the European Noise Directive Explores the lessons emerging from nations within the EU and other jurisdictions attempting to legislate and mitigate against the harmful effects of noise pollution Covers the core theoretical concepts and principles surrounding the mechanics of noise pollution as well as the evidence-base linking noise with public health concerns
The feasibility of operating an acoustic echo sounder in an urban or industrial environment, without serious degradation in performance and without contributing to noise pollution, is confirmed. Anechoic absorbers placed about the acoustic antenna are the key to improving the sounder performance. Optimum operating frequencies are between 1 and 2 kHz. The design and operation of the all solid state circuitry is described.
Noise pollution affects human beings at threelevels: auditory effects, non-auditory effects and physiological effects. Noisepollution control avenues include insulation of noise source, isolation of noisesource, personal isolation, volume reduction, legal protection, ekistics andpolitical will. Many countries have adopted ambient noise pollution standards.This book all important aspects of this subject in detail.
Noise pollution is one of the factors that affect the quality of life of the general population, especially in urban areas, where the noise levels are often high due to the presence of numerous sources, such as transport infrastructures, activities production and commercial areas, entertainment venues and other sound sources which, although temporary, such as construction sites and outdoor music events, affect general noise levels. Even if noise is one of the oldest pollutants referred to in history, for years, the problem of noise pollution has been often considered less important than others related to the environment, such as air pollution, water pollution, and waste management.The regulations in force to contain the noise have become increasingly stringent as each individual is constantly exposed to noise and often the noise is treated just as a scourge of modern society. Making noise is becoming easier and cheaper each day, but just the opposite for controlling it. Deeper studies are needed to understand the core of current noise problems; new materials and techniques are needed to control them. This book is a combination of theory and practice based on the latest research. The studies in this book range from evaluation methods for the perception of noise and outline forecast criteria that can be integrated with applications for acoustic mapping as well as the use of innovative techniques and materials for its abatement. The main purpose of this book, organized in 8 chapters, is to provide an overview of the recent studies in this field and the applications in different research studies. The authors, contributing to the success of this book, provide a series of practical applications of their recent studies aimed at the reduction of noise in different environments. The editors would like to thank all the authors who, through their studies and research, have accepted our invitation to share recent discoveries in this field with the scientific community.
"Noise Pollution and Control Strategy discusses the basics of acoustic propagation, reviews the problem of noise generation over all national and international situations and gives various techniques available for noise measurements and assessment, health effects of noise, the standards adopted by various countries of the world, environmental impact assessment techniques, control measures and status of noise measurement and abatement practices. In the last chapter, an effort has been made to lay an appropriate strategy to control noise. The book concludes with the future vision in the area of noise pollution and an up-to-date list of references and bibliography. The acoustical terminology in a separate appendix would be of great help as a ready reference."--BOOK JACKET.
The phenomenon of unwanted sound affects many people living in developed countries. Providing coverage of this important topic, this volume features contributions from some experienced specialists working in the field. It reviews the physical assessment of urban noise, ratings, descriptors and criteria, transportation noise, effects of noise on health, community response, urban noise prediction and urban noise control, and is designed to be used at postgraduate and research level.
Over the past two decades there have been many major new developments in the field of urban sound environment. Jian Kang introduces and examines these key developments, including: the development of prediction methods for urban sound propagation establishment and application of noise-mapping software new noise control measures and design methods. Also covered is the new EU directive on noise and the substantial actions it has brought about across Europe. As the importance of soundscape, acoustic comfort and sound environment design have become widely recognized, Urban Sound Environments is a thoroughly useful book for students and practitioners in a wide range of fields, from urban planning and landscape through to architecture and acoustics.
Almost Every Advance In Science And Technology Brings New And Unexpected Problems In Its Wake. Thus The Motorcar, Aeroplane, High-Speed Machine Tools, Compressors And The Gas Turbine All Beneficial In Themselves Have Contributed, Along With Countless Other Developments, To The Background Of Noise Which Is Fast Becoming One Of The Distinguishing Features Of Life Today. With Rapid Increase In Urbanisation And Industrialisation, Noise Has Been On The Increase And It Has Invaded Man S Most Private And Precious Possession, His Mental Sanctuary. Noise Has Assumed Alarming Proportions And Has Become Even More Dangerous Than Water And Air Pollution. Noise Pollution Is A Slow And Insidious Killer. It Is A Serious Health Hazard But Still The Noise Level Is Rising Higher And Higher In The Cities. Thus, Noise Is No Less Pollutant Than The Toxic Chemicals In Our Environment.It Is The Regrettable Fact That Nearly Every Machine, Device Or Gadget Devised For The Convenience Of Man Produces Some Degree Of Sound, Which, Being More Often Than Not Unwanted, Must Be Classed As Noise. Fortunately, Noise Can Be Controlled And Methods For Reducing Noise Levels Are Well Known To Acoustical Engineers. Financial Problems And Special Difficulties Inevitably Arise In Practice, But, Given The Principles Involved Are Clearly Understood, Noise Reduction Need Not Involve Excessive Expenditure. Excessive And Wasteful Expenditure Is Likely To Be Incurred In Cases When Hit-Or-Miss Methods Are Employed And Show Little Or No Success In The Final Result.The Successful Treatment Of Any Noise Problem Depends To A Large Extent On The Way In Which The Problem Is Approached And On The Care With Which The Plans Are Prepared. Controlling Noise Is An Increasing Challenge To The Industrial World.This Textbook On Noise Pollution And Its Control Has Been Written To Provide Basic Concepts Of Noise, Its Effects And Control In Industrial And Non-Industrial Sources. Various Engineering Approaches Such As Use Of Silencers, Mufflers, Shields, Barriers And Improvement In The Design Of Machinery And Reduction Of Noise At Source Have Been Discussed In Detail. The Textbook Also Includes The Various Control Measures Of Noise In Industries Such As Paper, Mining, Food Processing, Metal, Rubber And Plastics Etc. The Instruments For Analysis Of Noise Are Also Discussed In Depth. The Present Book Emphasizes That General Measures Can Also Be Adopted To Control And Prevent The Occurrence Of Noise Pollution. These Measures Include General Awareness Among The People By Educating Through Newspapers, Tv And Co-Ordination With Planners And Environmental Authorities.It Is Hoped That The Book Will Prove Highly Useful To All General Readers Concerned With Environmental Degradation. More Importantly, It Ideally Serves The Academic Purpose Of Students And Researchers Of Environment Science.