Download Free Nmr Basic Principles And Progress Grundlagen Und Fortschritte Book in PDF and EPUB Free Download. You can read online Nmr Basic Principles And Progress Grundlagen Und Fortschritte and write the review.

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which has evolved only within the last 20 years, has become one of the very important tools in chemistry and physics. The literature on its theory and application has grown immensely and a comprehensive and adequate treatment of all branches by one author, or even by several, becomes increasingly difficult. This series is planned to present articles written by experts working in various fields of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and will contain review articles as well as progress reports and original work, its main aim, however, is to fill a gap, existing in literature, by publishing articles written by specialists, which take the reader from the introductory stage to the latest development in the field. The editors are grateful to the authors for the time and effort spent in writing the articles, and for their invaluable cooperation. The Editors Contents P. Diehl and C. L. Khetrapal NMR Studies of Molecules Oriented in the Nematic Phase of Liquid Crystais......................................................... 1 R. G. Jones The Use of Symmetry in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance................. 97 NMR Studies of Molecules Oriented in the Nematic Phase of Liquid Crystals P. DIEHL and C. L. KHETRAPAL * Department of Physics, University of Basel, Switzerland Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Liquid Crystals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1. Classification of Liquid Crystal Phases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.2. Theories of the Liquid Crystalline State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.3. Nematic Phases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3. Experimental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1 4. Basic Theory (for I = I ). . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 . .
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which has evolved only within the last 20 years, has become one of the very important tools in chemistry and physics. The literature on its theory and application has grown immensely and a comprehensive and adequate treatment of all branches by one author, or even by several, becomes increasingly difficult. This series is planned to present articles written by experts working in various fields of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and will contain review articles as well as progress reports and original work. Its main aim, however, is to fill a gap, existing in literature, by publishing articles written by specialists, which take the reader from the introductory stage to the latest development in the field. The editors are grateful to the authors for the time and effort spent in writing the articles, and for their invaluable cooperation. The Editors Contents c. W. Hilbers and C. MacLean NMR of Molecules Oriented in Electric Fields.
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which has evolved only within the last 20 years, has become one of the very important tools in chemistry and physics. The literature on its theory and application has grown immensely and a comprehensive and adequate treatment of all branches by one author, or even by several, becomes increasingly difficult. This series is planned to present articles written by experts working in various fields of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and will contain review articles as well as progress reports and original work, its main aim, however, is to fill a gap, existing in literature, by publishing articles written by specialists, which take the reader from the introductory stage to the latest development in the field. The editors are grateful to the authors for the time and effort spent in writing the articles, and for their invaluable cooperation. The Editors Contents P. Diehl and C. L. Khetrapal NMR Studies of Molecules Oriented in the Nematic Phase of Liquid Crystais......................................................... 1 R. G. Jones The Use of Symmetry in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance................. 97 NMR Studies of Molecules Oriented in the Nematic Phase of Liquid Crystals P. DIEHL and C. L. KHETRAPAL * Department of Physics, University of Basel, Switzerland Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Liquid Crystals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1. Classification of Liquid Crystal Phases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.2. Theories of the Liquid Crystalline State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.3. Nematic Phases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3. Experimental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1 4. Basic Theory (for I = I ). . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 . .
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which has evolved only within the last 20 years, has become one of the very important tools in chemistry and physics. The literature on its theory and application has grown immensely and a comprehensive and adequate treatment of all branches by one author, or even by several, becomes increasingly difficult. This series is planned to present articles written by experts working in various fields of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and will contain review articles as well as progress reports and original work. Its main aim, however, is to fill a gap, existing in literature, by publishing articles written by specialists, which take the reader from the introductory stage to the latest development in the field. The editors are grateful to the authors for the time and effort spent in writing the articles, and for their invaluable cooperation. The Editors Analysis of NMR Spectra A Guide for Chemists R. A. HOFFMAN t S. FORSEN Division of Physical Chemistry, Chemical Center, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund, Sweden B. GESTBLOM Institute of Physics, University of Uppsala, Sweden Contents I. Principles of NMR Spectroscopy 4 1. 1. The Magnetic Resonance Phenomenon 4 a) Nuclear Moments. . . . . . . . 4 b) Magnetic Spin States and Energy Levels 5 c) The Magnetic Resonance Condition. 7 d) The Larmor Precession. . 7 e) Experimental Aspects . . . . 8 1. 2. Chemical Shifts . . . . . . . . 9 a) The Screening Constant 11. . . 9 b) Chemical Shift Scales (11 and r) 10 1. 3. Spin Coupling Constants 12 1. 4. Intensities. . . . . . . .
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which has evolved only within the last 20 years, has become one of the very important tools in chemistry and physics. The literature on its theory and application has grown immensely and a comprehensive and adequate treatment ofall branches by one author, or even by several, becomes increasingly difficult. by experts workinginvarious This seriesis planned to present articles written fields of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and will contain review articles as well as progress reports and original work. Its main aim, however, is to fill a gap, existing in literature, by publishing articles written by specialists, which take the reader from the introductory stage to the latest development in the field. The editors are grateful to the authors for the time and effort spent in writing the articles, and for their invaluable cooperation. The Editors Computer Assistance in the Analysis of High-Resolution NMR Spectra P. DIEHL and H. KELLERHALS Departmentof Physics, University ofBasle, Switzerland E. LUSTIG Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
The increasing interest in NMR spectroscopy of what in some confer ences in this field is commonly termed "other nuclei" is unmistakable. Chemists and biologists who employ NMR spectroscopy to study their problems have, however, been somewhat reluctant to study nuclei with electric quadrupole moments. These nuclei frequently give rise to broad NMR signals, sometimes too broad to be detectable with ordinary high resolution NMR spectrometers. Spectrometers that could cope with broad NMR signals of low intensity, "wide-line" spectrometers, have been available since the mid 1950:s but it appears that most of these instruments ended up in physical laboratories where the research was primarily directed towards solid state problems. The study of quadrupolar nuclei can provide unique and very valuable information on a variety of physico-chemical and biological systems. For one thing the relaxation of quadrupolar nuclei is in many ways easier to interpret than the relaxation of non-quadrupolar nuclei, since the former is in many cases caused by purely intramolecular interactions modulated by the molecular motion. Studies of quadrupolar relaxation have therefore furnished important information about molec ular reorientation and association in liquids and have played - and will certainly play for many years - an important role in testing new theoretical models of molecular motion in liquids.
Manipulation and Dilution Tools for Ruling Abundant Species "NMR is dead" was the slogan heard in the late 1960s at least among physicists, until John S. Waugh and his co-workers initiated a series of new NMR experiments, which employed the coherent modulation of interactions by strong radiofrequency fields. A wealth of new phenomena was observed, which are summarized in the introduction for the convenience of the unbiased reader, whereas Section 2 collects the basic spin interactions observed in solids. Line-narrowing effects in dipolar coupled solids by the application of multiple pulse experiments are extensively discussed in Section 3. Numerous extensions of the basic Waugh, Huber, and Haeberlen experiment have been developed by different groups and have been applied to the nuclei IH, 9Be, 19F, 27Al, 31p, 63CU in solids. Application of this technique to a variety of systems is still in progress and should reveal interesting insights into weak spin interactions in solids. It was soon realized that rare spins could be used as monitors for molecular fields in the solid state; however, rare spin observation is difficult because of the small signal-to-noise ratio. Pines, Gibby, and Waugh introduced a new concept of cross-polarization, based on ideas of Hahn and co-workers, which allows the detection ofrare spins with increased sensitivity. The dynamics involved are treated in detail. Other sections merely list results obtained by the techniques described and demonstrate their usefulness in the investigation of dynamical problems in molec ular and solid state physics.
1. Lyotropic Liquid Crystals The class of compounds known as thermotropic liquid crystals has been widely utilized in basic research and industry during recent years. The properties of these materials are such that on heating from the solid to the isotropic liquid state, phase transitions occur with the formation of one or more intermediate anisotropic liquids. The unique and sometimes startling properties of these liquid crystals are the properties of pure compounds. However, there exists a second class of substances known as lyotropic liquid crystals which obtain their anisotropic properties from the mixing of two or more components. One of the components is amphiphilic, containing a polar head group (generally ionic or zwitterionic) attached to one or more long-chain hydrocarbons; the second component is usually water. Lyotropic liquid crystals occur abundantly in nature, particularly in all living systems. As a consequence, a bright future seems assured for studies on such systems. Even now, many of the properties of these systems are poorly understood. It is the purpose of this review to consolidate the results obtained from nuclear magnetic resonance studies of such systems and to provide a coherent picture of the field. Probably the most familiar example of a lyotropic liquid crystal is soap in water. A common soap is sodium dodecylsulphate where an ionic group (sulphate) is attached to a hydrocarbon chain containing twelve carbons.