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The significant contributions to the development of modern society made by Ulster men and women are often overlooked in current assessments of the province and its people. This book aims to redress the balance somewhat by providing an appreciation of the lives of nine people of Ulster origin who deserve to be remembered both for their personal achievements and for their public importance. The lives included have emerged from a variety of backgrounds and span a period of some four centuries. Some carried with them a warm appreciation of their origins, and a few returned either to visit or remain in Ulster as their lvies drew to a close. Others sustained the Ulster side of their identity quietly, even unsuspectingly. If the latter are harder to detect, their discovery for the reader will be all the more rewarding. Of the eight men and one woman - scientists, soldiers, politicians, clergyman, artist, scholar - few have been remembered, except perhaps by obituarists, as being of Ulster origin. The importance of their roots is best conveyed by the telling in these pages of their individual and compelling stories.
Hardly is a figure more maligned in British history than Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh. One of the central figures of the Napoleonic Era and the man primarily responsible for fashioning Britain's strategy at the Congress of Vienna, Castlereagh was widely respected by the great powers of Europe and America, yet despised by his countrymen and those he sought to serve. A shrewd diplomat, he is credited with being one of the first great practitioners of Realpolitik and its cold-eyed and calculating view of the relations between nations. Over the course of his career, he crushed an Irish rebellion and abolished the Irish parliament, imprisoned his former friends, created the largest British army in history, and redrew the map of Europe. Today, Castlereagh is largely forgotten except as a tyrant who denied the freedoms won by the French and American revolutions. John Bew's fascinating biography restores the statesman to his place in history, offering a nuanced picture of a shy, often inarticulate figure whose mind captured the complexity of the European Enlightenment unlike any other. Bew tells a gripping story, beginning with the Year of the French, when Napoleon sent troops in support of a revolution in Ireland, and traces Castlereagh's evolution across the Napoleonic Wars, the diplomatic power struggles of 1814-15, and eventually the mental breakdown that ended his life. Skillfully balancing the dimensions of Castlereagh's intellectual life with his Irish heritage, Bew's definitive work brings Castleragh alive in all his complexity, variety, and depth.
All of the poets interviewed in this collection are from Northern Ireland, all were born after 1920, and each has published at least one volume of poetry. Arranged chronologically by each poet's date of birth, this collection deals with an impressive body of work. The poets include Seamus Heaney, Paul Muldoon, Michael Longley, John Montague, Derek Mahon, Ciaran Carson, as well as less-known voices, including Gerald Dawe, Roy McFadden, and Conor O'Callaghan. The interviews explore the poet's work and development, the social/historical context, and the impact of assimilated influences. If they explore a poetry often rooted in "the North," they also suggest the individuality and diversity of this poetry, of work whose imaginative range is not circumscribed by either literal borders or critically convenient categories. The other poets included are: James Simmons, Tom Paulin, Frank Orsmby, Medbh McGuckian, Robert Greacen, Cathal P Searcaigh, Colette Bryce, Moyra Donaldson, Jean Bleakney, Martin Mooney, Padraic Fiacc, and Cherry Smyth.
From saints and scholars to warriors and patriots to writers, artists, statesmen and simply "characters," this entertaining and highly informative collection of short profiles provides not only an account of some remarkable Irish individuals but an illuminating journey through the fertile territory of Irish history. The lives recounted here include the familiaroJames Joyce, St. Patrick and Eamon de Valeraoto those which are less familiaroGrace O'Malley, the pirate queen; John O'Donovan, the Gaelic scholar; Buck Whaley, rake and gambler extraordinary; and Sir Horace Plunkett, pioneer of agricultural cooperation. The volume also includes maps and notes indicating places of interest connected with the lives as well as a helpful list of dates in Irish history and suggestions for further reading.
This impressive volume provides over 1,700 biographical entries on poets writing in English from 1910 to the present day, including T. S. Eliot, Dylan Thomas, and Carol Ann Duffy. Authoritative and accessible, it is a must-have for students of English and creative writing, as well as for anyone with an interest in poetry.
Social and religious historians have conducted much research on Scottish colonial migrations to Ulster; however, there remains historical debate as to whether the Irish Sea in the seventeenth century was an intervening obstacle or a transportation artery. Vann presents a geographical perspective on the topic, showing that most population flows involving southwest Scotland during the first half of the seventeenth century were directed across the Irish Sea via centuries-old sea routes that had allowed for the formation of evolving cultural areas. As political or religious motivational factors presented themselves in the last half of that century, Vann holds, the established social and familial links stretched along those sea routes facilitated chain migration that led to the birth of a Protestant Ulster-Scots community. Vann also shows how this community constituted itself along religious and institutional rubrics of dissent from the Church of England, Church of Scotland, and Church of Ireland.
During the eighteenth-century Enlightenment, Scotland and England produced such well-known figures as David Hume, Adam Smith, and John Locke. Ireland’s contribution to this revolution in Western thought has received much less attention. Offering a corrective to the view that Ireland was intellectually stagnant during this period, The Irish Enlightenment considers a range of artists, writers, and philosophers who were full participants in the pan-European experiment that forged the modern world. Michael Brown explores the ideas and innovations percolating in political pamphlets, economic and religious tracts, and literary works. John Toland, Francis Hutcheson, Jonathan Swift, George Berkeley, Edmund Burke, Maria Edgeworth, and other luminaries, he shows, participated in a lively debate about the capacity of humans to create a just society. In a nation recovering from confessional warfare, religious questions loomed large. How should the state be organized to allow contending Christian communities to worship freely? Was the public confession of faith compatible with civil society? In a society shaped by opposing religious beliefs, who is enlightened and who is intolerant? The Irish Enlightenment opened up the possibility of a tolerant society, but it was short-lived. Divisions concerning methodological commitments to empiricism and rationalism resulted in an increasingly antagonistic conflict over questions of religious inclusion. This fracturing of the Irish Enlightenment eventually destroyed the possibility of civilized, rational discussion of confessional differences. By the end of the eighteenth century, Ireland again entered a dark period of civil unrest whose effects were still evident in the late twentieth century.