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NEXT-GENERATION ANTENNAS: ADVANCES AND CHALLENGES The first book in this exciting new series, written and edited by a group of international experts in the field, this exciting new volume covers the latest advances and challenges in the next generation of antennas. Antenna design and wireless communication has recently witnessed their fastest growth period ever in history, and these trends are likely to continue for the foreseeable future. Due to recent advances in industrial applications as well as antenna, wireless communication, and 5G technology, we are witnessing a variety of developing and expanding new technologies. Compact and low-cost antennas are increasing the demand for ultra-wide bandwidth in next-generation (5G) wireless communication systems and the Internet of Things (IoT). Enabling the next generation of high-frequency communication, various methods have been introduced to achieve reliable high data rate communication links and enhance the directivity of planar antennas. 5G technology can be used in many applications, such as in smart city applications and in smartphones. This technology can satisfy the fast rise in user and traffic capacity in mobile broadband communications. Therefore, different planar antennas with intelligent beamforming capability play an important role in these areas. The purpose of this book is to present the advanced technology, developments, and challenges in antennas for next-generation antenna communication systems. This book covers advances in next-generation antenna design and application domain in all related areas. It is a detailed overview of cutting-edge developments and other emerging topics and their applications in all areas of engineering that have achieved great accuracy and performance with the help of the advancement and challenges in next-generation antennas. This outstanding new volume: Covers all the latest developments and future aspects of antenna communication Is concisely written, lucid, and comprehensive, practical application-based, with many informative graphics and schematics Will help students, researchers, as well as systems designers to understand fundamental antenna design and wireless communication Compares different approaches in antenna design
The state of the art in antenna design and engineering Edited by one of the world's foremost authorities on smart antennas and featuring contributions from global experts, Frontiers in Antennas discusses the latest advances in antenna design and engineering. This pioneering guide deals primarily with frontier antenna designs and frontier numerical methods. Many of the concepts presented have emerged within the last few years and are still in a rapid state of development. Each chapter provides in-depth details on a unique and modern antenna technology. Frontiers in Antennas covers: Ultra-wideband antenna arrays using fractal, polyfractal, and aperiodic geometries Smart antennas using evolutionary signal processing methods The latest developments in Vivaldi antenna arrays Effective media models applied to artificial magnetic conductors and high impedance surfaces Novel developments in metamaterial antennas Biological antenna design methods using genetic algorithms Contact and parasitic methods applied to reconfigurable antennas Antennas in medicine: ingestible capsule antennas using conformal meandered methods Leaky-wave antennas Plasma antennas which can electronically appear and disappear Numerical methods in antenna modeling using time, frequency, and conformal domain decomposition methods
Substrate-Integrated Millimeter-Wave Antennas for Next-Generation Communication and Radar Systems The first and only comprehensive text on substrate-integrated mmW antenna technology, state-of-the-art antenna design, and emerging wireless applications Substrate-Integrated Millimeter-Wave Antennas for Next-Generation Communication and Radar Systems elaborates the most important topics related to revolutionary millimeter-wave (mmW) technology. Following a clear description of fundamental concepts including substrate-integrated waveguides and loss analysis, the text treats key design methods, prototyping techniques, and experimental setup and testing. The authors also highlight applications of mmW antennas in 5G wireless communication and next-generation radar systems. Readers are prepared to put techniques into practice through practical discussions of how to set up testing for impedance matching, radiation patterns, gain from 24GHz up to 325 GHz, and more. This book will bring readers state-of-the-art designs and recent progress in substrate-integrated mmW antennas for emerging wireless applications. Substrate-Integrated Millimeter-Wave Antennas for Next-Generation Communication and Radar Systems is the first comprehensive text on the topic, allowing readers to quickly master mmW technology. This book: Introduces basic concepts such as metamaterials Huygens's surface, zero-index structures, and pattern synthesis Describes prototyping in the form of fabrication based on printed-circuit-board, low-temperature-co-fired-ceramic and micromachining Explores applications for next-generation radar and imaging systems such as 24-GHz and 77-GHz vehicular radar systems Elaborates design methods including waveguide-based feeding network, three-dimensional feeding structure, dielectric loaded aperture antenna element, and low-sidelobe synthesis The mmW is one of today’s most important emerging technologies. This book provides graduate students, researchers, and engineers with the knowledge they need to deploy mmW systems and develop new antenna designs with low cost, low loss, and low complexity.
Antennas are necessary and critical components of communication and radar systems. Making antennas reconfigurable so that their behavior can adapt with changing system requirements or environmental conditions can ameliorate or eliminate these restrictions and promises to provide additional levels of functionality for any system. If a single reconfigurable antenna could deliver the same functionality of more than one traditional single-purpose system, significant savings in cost, weight, volume, and maintenance/repair resources may be realizable.Reconfigurable Antennas describes in detail the critical parameters for antenna operation, as well as possible methods for achieving reconfigurability in each of these parameters. It also discusses practical issues surrounding the implementation of reconfigurable antennas, including feed methods, bias line design and implementation, and component selection. Finally, the book offers a view of the future of reconfigurable antennas and their promise to expand and improve system functionality in a range of different operating scenarios.
The last ten years have seen a massive growth in the number of connected wireless devices. Billions of devices are connected and managed by wireless networks. At the same time, each device needs a high throughput to support applications such as voice, real-time video, movies, and games. Demands for wireless throughput and the number of wireless devices will always increase. In addition, there is a growing concern about energy consumption of wireless communication systems. Thus, future wireless systems have to satisfy three main requirements: i) having a high throughput; ii) simultaneously serving many users; and iii) having less energy consumption. Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology, where a base station (BS) equipped with very large number of antennas (collocated or distributed) serves many users in the same time-frequency resource, can meet the above requirements, and hence, it is a promising candidate technology for next generations of wireless systems. With massive antenna arrays at the BS, for most propagation environments, the channels become favorable, i.e., the channel vectors between the users and the BS are (nearly) pairwisely orthogonal, and hence, linear processing is nearly optimal. A huge throughput and energy efficiency can be achieved due to the multiplexing gain and the array gain. In particular, with a simple power control scheme, Massive MIMO can offer uniformly good service for all users. In this dissertation, we focus on the performance of Massive MIMO. The dissertation consists of two main parts: fundamentals and system designs of Massive MIMO. In the first part, we focus on fundamental limits of the system performance under practical constraints such as low complexity processing, limited length of each coherence interval, intercell interference, and finite-dimensional channels. We first study the potential for power savings of the Massive MIMO uplink with maximum-ratio combining (MRC), zero-forcing, and minimum mean-square error receivers, under perfect and imperfect channels. The energy and spectral efficiency tradeoff is investigated. Secondly, we consider a physical channel model where the angular domain is divided into a finite number of distinct directions. A lower bound on the capacity is derived, and the effect of pilot contamination in this finite-dimensional channel model is analyzed. Finally, some aspects of favorable propagation in Massive MIMO under Rayleigh fading and line-of-sight (LoS) channels are investigated. We show that both Rayleigh fading and LoS environments offer favorable propagation. In the second part, based on the fundamental analysis in the first part, we propose some system designs for Massive MIMO. The acquisition of channel state information (CSI) is very importantin Massive MIMO. Typically, the channels are estimated at the BS through uplink training. Owing to the limited length of the coherence interval, the system performance is limited by pilot contamination. To reduce the pilot contamination effect, we propose an eigenvalue-decomposition-based scheme to estimate the channel directly from the received data. The proposed scheme results in better performance compared with the conventional training schemes due to the reduced pilot contamination. Another important issue of CSI acquisition in Massive MIMO is how to acquire CSI at the users. To address this issue, we propose two channel estimation schemes at the users: i) a downlink "beamforming training" scheme, and ii) a method for blind estimation of the effective downlink channel gains. In both schemes, the channel estimation overhead is independent of the number of BS antennas. We also derive the optimal pilot and data powers as well as the training duration allocation to maximize the sum spectral efficiency of the Massive MIMO uplink with MRC receivers, for a given total energy budget spent in a coherence interval. Finally, applications of Massive MIMO in relay channels are proposed and analyzed. Specifically, we consider multipair relaying systems where many sources simultaneously communicate with many destinations in the same time-frequency resource with the help of a massive MIMO relay. A massive MIMO relay is equipped with many collocated or distributed antennas. We consider different duplexing modes (full-duplex and half-duplex) and different relaying protocols (amplify-and-forward, decode-and-forward, two-way relaying, and one-way relaying) at the relay. The potential benefits of massive MIMO technology in these relaying systems are explored in terms of spectral efficiency and power efficiency.
Electrical Engineering Adaptive Antennas for Wireless Communications In the past decade, the wireless communications community recognized adaptive antennas as a core technology that would help existing systems overcome problems related to spectrum efficiency and provide a vehicle to achieve the ambitious requirements of next-generation networks. The communications industry has already begun to develop adaptive antenna systems for commercial use and at the same time is working with standardization institutes around the world to produce adaptive antenna-friendly standards. Adaptive Antennas for Wireless Communications is a concise, detailed resource of information for all critical issues related to this technology and is compiled from the original published work of experts in the field. The extensive literature covers: * Historical and background aspects * Radio channel simulation techniques and characteristics * Adaptive algorithm performance under a variety of conditions * Adaptive antenna performance in different operational environments * Design and implementation issues * Experimental results * Other issues such as network planning and recent novel techniques Adaptive Antennas for Wireless Communications is a valuable reference for helping consultants, researchers, communications professionals, academics, and students gain an in-depth understanding of adaptive antenna technology.
Future generations of wireless networks will place great demands on the performance of radio access technology. This book describes the features of various mobile access technologies and assesses their strengths and weaknesses. In particular, it describes the underlying principles and practical implementation schemes for time division duplexing (TDD). The book begins with an overview of next-generation wireless systems. It then describes the basics of duplex communication modes, interference in cellular systems, and multiple user access techniques. Focusing on TDD systems, dynamic channel assignment algorithms are discussed, as are multi-hop communications schemes, radio resource management, interference cancellation, and smart antennas. Real-world examples from UMTS, wireless LAN, and Bluetooth systems are described. The book is aimed at all those involved in the design and implementation of wireless systems, as well as at graduate students and researchers working in the area of wireless communications. For more information visit www.cambridge.org/9781107407794.
This book presents state-of-the-art millimetre wave antennas for next generation 5G communications. The propagation losses associated with the millimetre waves and the signal blockage due to the objects present between transmitter and receiver require novel antenna topologies to address these issues. Various aspects of antenna design related to millimetre wave 5G communication including 28-GHz channel characteristics, mmWave antenna requirements, antenna design strategies for 28 GHz, MIMO/multibeam antennas, and mmWave lens antennas are highlighted. Apart from the general antenna requirements and study related to the 28 GHz frequency band, various new metamaterial-based antennas employing uniaxial or biaxial anisotropic media that enhance the antenna radiation performance are covered in detail. In addition, various new antenna systems such as wide-scan antenna arrays, dual-polarized antennas, and dual-beam/multibeam antennas are covered in this book. The book concludes with the glimpses of the millimetre wave lens antennas and the design of very thin planar metamaterial lens for 5G massive MIMO applications.
A practical book written for engineers who design and use antennas The author has many years of hands on experience designing antennas that were used in such applications as the Venus and Mars missions of NASA The book covers all important topics of modern antenna design for communications Numerical methods will be included but only as much as are needed for practical applications
Taking a coherent and logical approach, this book describes the potential use of co-ordinated multipoint systems supported by radio over fiber. It covers an impressive breadth of topics, ranging from components, subsystem and system architecture, to network management and business perspectives. The authors show the importance of radio over fiber in eliminating or mitigating against the current, perceived barriers to the use of co-ordinated multipoint, and the drivers for standardisation activities in future mobile/wireless systems over the next few years. The book brings together the system concept for centralized processing, including what is required for co-existence with legacy wireless systems, the algorithms that can be used for improving wireless bandwidth utilization at physical and MAC layers and the radio over fiber network and link design necessary to support the wireless system. Other important research is also covered as the authors look at compensating for radio over fiber impairments and providing simple network management functions. A study of service provision and the business case for such a future wireless system is also fully considered. This book comes at an important time for future wireless systems with standardization of fourth generation wireless systems still ongoing. The content enables readers to make key decisions about future standardisation and their own research work. The business analysis also makes the book useful to those involved in deciding the future directions of telecoms organisations. This information will be core to their decision-making as it provides technical knowledge of the state-of-the-art but also system level assessments of what is possible in a business environment.