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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) encompasses a range of disorders affecting the heart and blood vessels, including coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and conditions such as aortic aneurysm and lower extremity peripheral artery disease. It remains the leading cause of death worldwide, claiming 17.9 million lives annually, despite the availability of numerous therapeutic drugs. Thus, further research is warranted to enhance CVD treatment and reduce its morbidity and mortality. Diabetes and hypertension are conditions commonly found in aging populations that share common pathogenic pathways and are both strong, independent risk factors for CVD. Reducing blood glucose and blood pressure levels can significantly contribute to mitigating CVD-related morbidity and mortality. This Special Issue aims to present the latest perspectives and research findings on diabetes, hypertension, and CVD, comprising one Editorial article, eight review articles, and eight original research articles. These articles provide a comprehensive overview of recent developments in research on hypertension, insulin resistance/diabetes, and CVD, including atherosclerosis, aortic aneurysm, and myocardial infarction. They offer insights into CVD pathogenesis and facilitate the development of new therapeutic approaches.
Diabetes and hypertension have evolved as two of the modern day epidemics affecting millions of people around the world. These two common co-morbidities lead to substantial increase in cardiovascular disease, the major cause of morbidity and mortality of adults around the world. In Diabetes and Hypertension: Evaluation and Management, a panel of renowned experts address a range of critical topics -- from basic concepts in evaluation and management of diabetes and hypertension, such as dietary interventions, to evaluation and management of secondary hypertension in clinical practice. Other chapters focus on high cardiovascular risk populations such as those with coronary heart disease, chronic kidney disease and minority patients. In addition, evolving concepts and new developments in the field are presented in other chapters, such as prevention of type 2 diabetes and the epidemic of sleep apnea and its implication for diabetes and hypertension evaluation and management. An important title covering two of the most troubling disorders of our time, Diabetes and Hypertension: Evaluation and Management will provide the busy practitioner with cutting edge knowledge in the field as well as practical information that can translate into better care provided to the high-risk population of diabetics and hypertensive patients.
Stephen J. Morewitz is a very well-known author in regards to presenting thorough research in the fields of Psychology and Public Health
Advancements in the treatment for diabetes and cardiovascular complications in the last decade completely changed the landscape of these diseases. Newly developed medications significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications and slow down the progression of diabetes, while innovative surgical technologies substantially improve the survival rates from the lethal complications. However, the emergence of advanced techniques comes with high expenses, which create huge barriers for access and worsens the disparity in health outcomes. Meanwhile, the use of these technologies calls for post-marketing surveillance in real world. How did new technologies adapt in the developed/developing countries? What is the cost for these treatments? Did these new treatments lead to improved healthcare quality? Many issues are unknown and thus we invite further investigation. This Research Topic seeks to draw a comprehensive picture of the current epidemiology and treatment of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases across the globe. We hope to publish high-quality articles that describe the epidemiology, economic, treatment, and disparity of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in the context of the new treatment era. Findings published in this Research Topic will enlighten an interesting discussion on how technological advancements shaped the landscape of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. It will also help identify gaps to be resolved in countries with different economic and social backgrounds across the globe. We welcome contributions of a range of topics including, but not limited to: • Contemporary epidemiology study focusing on the disease burden of diabetes and cardiovascular disease; • Economic burden of diabetes and cardiovascular disease; • Drug, new technology and service utilization for managing diabetes and cardiovascular disease; • Effectiveness and safety of treatment for diabetes and cardiovascular disease; • Policy studies involving the use of new treatments and technologies in patients with diabetes and cardiovascular disease;
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease of absolute or relative insulin deficiency or resistance characterised by disturbances in carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. It is estimated that between 5-10 per cent of the population suffer from this disease. This syndrome is a contributing factor in a large percentage of deaths from heart attacks and strokes as well as renal failure and vascular disease. About 90 per cent of the cases of diabetes mellitus fall into Type 2 where obesity plays a major role. Research in the field is wide-spread ranging from causes to treatment. This book brings together leading research from throughout the world.
Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: Evaluation, Prevention & Management presents the epidemiologic relation of diabetes and associated risk factors with cardiovascular disease. This concise guide demonstrates the role of non-invasive imaging strategies for evaluation of cardiovascular disease risk in diabetes, and the role of nutrition and physical activity in preventing diabetes and its cardiovascular complications. Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: Evaluation, Prevention & Management also covers the relation of chronic kidney disease to diabetes and cardiovascular consequences, and offers glycaemic control strategies for reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease with diabetes. The wide scope of this book makes it an essential resource for diabetologists, cardiologists and physicians. Key Features Presents the relationship between diabetes and cardiovascular disease Focus on prevention and management, including chapter on quality of care and provider/medical systems in diabetes management Edited by team of experts in the field from the University of California
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading causes of mortality in patients with diabetes, and many factors, including hypertension, contribute to this high prevalence of CVD. The current evidence regarding these diseases is quickly expanding, especially in the vascular mechanisms that predispose someone to both conditions. Furthermore, several novel therapies, such as sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors, have recently beenshown to have benefits against CVD in patients with type 2 diabetes. With these reasons in mind, the need for updated clinical studies in these fields to optimize the outcomes of patients with diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases arises. Finally, as we know that diabetes, hypertension, and especially CVD are associated with severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19 infection, we also invited colleagues around the world to report their clinical insights with these comorbidities and COVID-19 in order to provide support in this fundamental area during the pandemic.
The cause of diabetes mellitus is metabolic in origin. However, its major clinical manifestations, which result in most of the morbidity and mortality, are a result of its vascular pathology. In fact, the American Heart Association has recently stated that, “from the point of view of cardiovascular medicine, it may be appropriate to say, diabetes is a cardiovascular disease” (1). But diabetic vascular disease is not limited to just the macrovasculature. Diabetes mellitus also affects the microcirculation with devastating results, including nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in the United States, while diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of new-onset blindness in working-age Americans. The importance of this text on Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease is evident by the magnitude of the population affected by diabetes mellitus. Over 10 million Americans have been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, while another 5 million remain undiagnosed. The impact from a public health perspective is huge and increasing. As the population of the United States grows older, more sedentary, and obese, the risk of developing diabetes and its complications will increase. Epidemiological studies have identified diabetes mellitus as a major independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Over 65% of patients with diabetes mellitus die from a cardiovascular cause. The prognosis of patients with diabetes mellitus who develop overt clinical cardiovascular disease is much worse than those cardiovascular patients free of diabetes mellitus.