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The 2000 census identified changes in immigrant settlement patterns and the emergence of new immigrant gateways during the 1990s; however, few immigration studies to date have studied the intra-urban or local residential mobility of immigrants in metropolitan areas or the forms of spatial assimilation taking place. This dissertation examines the recent trends occurring in intra-urban mobility, immigration, and urban settlement patterns in Texas gateways, which have attracted an unprecedented number of Mexican immigrants since the 1970s. By examining the residential and social mobility of immigrants in metropolitan areas, the study clarifies how the discipline defines gateway cities and furthers our understanding of intra-urban mobility versus inter-urban migration, the determinants of immigrant homeownership, and the spatial transitions that immigrants, ethnic communities, and metropolitan areas are undergoing. Using the 2000 Census and the 5% PUMS, the dissertation examines the socioeconomic characteristics of immigrant movers and non-movers in Public-Use Microdata Areas (PUMAS) in Houston, Dallas-Fort Worth, San Antonio, and Austin-San Marcos and the housing outcomes (homeowner versus renter), settlement patterns (central city, inner ring, and suburb), and socioeconomic characteristics of the native-born and immigrants. The findings do not support theories of spatial assimilation proposed and indicate that while the majority of immigrant movers arrived ten to fifteen years prior to the census, the majority were primarily renters, residing in urban areas in central cities or in older suburbs adjacent to Latino barrios and living in overcrowded large apartment settings typical of the "vecindad" rather than the New Urbanist "barrio." Through spatial analysis, the dissertation identifies the extension of immigrant communities towards older working-class suburbs. A logistic regression analysis of the main determinants of Mexican immigrant homeownership differentiates the main predictors of homeownership by metropolitan area. Age, household type, income, location of metropolitan residence, and citizenship were the most significant predictors of homeownership. The study introduces a Time to Homeownership variable to estimate the number of years immigrants require to become homeowners. Overall, immigrants may not initially become homeowners in the first decade upon arrival, but homeownership is evident for some immigrants who have lived in the United States for ten years or more.
The majority of immigrants settle in cities when they arrive, and few can deny the dynamic influence migration has on cities. However, a "one-size-fits-all" approach cannot describe the activities and settlement patterns of immigrants in contemporary cities. The communities in which immigrants live and the jobs and businesses where they earn their living have become increasingly diversified. In this insightful book, Eric Fong and Brent Berry describe both contemporary patterns of immigration and the urban context in order to understand the social and economic lives of immigrants in the city. By exploring topics such as residential patterns, community form, and cultural influences, this book provides a broader understanding of how newcomers adapt to city life, while also reshaping its very fabric. This comprehensive and engaging book will be an invaluable text for students and scholars of immigration, race, ethnicity, and urban studies.
This publication analyses in detail the nature and content of policies being implemented to promote the integration of immigrants in urban areas.
Do urban or suburban neighborhoods provide greater access to organizations that offer immigrants needed services throughout various stages of the integration process? We pose this question in the face of historical shifts in immigration patterns: the bypassing of central cities for the suburbs as the direct site of immigrant settlement. In asking this question, we are concerned with immigrant resources as one aspect of neighborhood advantage. Using American Community Survey 2005-2009 five year estimates and original data of immigrant organizations in the Philadelphia region, we employ a method of spatial "buffering" to examine the distribution of immigrant organizations in greater Philadelphia region, including the cities of Philadelphia, PA, Camden, NJ, and Wilmington, DE and their surrounding suburbs. Our results reveal a critical spatial mismatch between current patterns of direct immigrant settlement in suburbs and a persistent urban advantage in access to immigrant resources. In the Philadelphia region, urban areas have, on average, approximately an additional 1.14 more organizations per census tract when compared to non-urban tracts, controlling for neighborhood characteristics. We find that this urban advantage varies by resource type. While for cultural maintenance organizations the urban advantage is only 0.9 additional organizations in urban tracts over suburban tracts, for subsistence and mobility organizations that provide immigrants essential services, the urban advantage more than doubles, with 2.0 more subsistence and 1.9 more mobility organizations in urban tracts compared to suburban ones. Suburban landscapes present far greater challenges to immigrant newcomers in terms of access to resources than urban landscapes so. The urban bias also varies by ethnic orientation of organizations. Organizations focused on providing resources to Asian and European immigrants have a stronger urban bias than those focused on providing resources to Latino and African immigrants, while organizations providing resources for all immigrants regardless of ethnicity have the strongest urban bias, with 1.6 more of these general organizations in urban tracts compared to suburban tracts. Last, we find that neighborhood poverty affects this relationship across groups differently, such that increases in poverty are positively linked to greater access to immigrant organizations providing services for Latino and African immigrants, but negatively linked to greater access to immigrant organizations aimed at serving Asian or European immigrants. We conclude by discussing the implications of these findings for understanding the unique contours of immigrant integration within a new and changing suburban context.
Since the 1960s, new and more diverse waves of immigrants have changed the demographic composition and the landscapes of North American cities and their suburbs. The Housing and Economic Experiences of Immigrants in U.S. and Canadian Cities is a collection of essays examining how recent immigrants have fared in getting access to jobs and housing in urban centres across the continent. Using a variety of methodologies, contributors from both countries present original research on a range of issues connected to housing and economic experiences. They offer both a broad overview and a series of detailed case studies that highlight the experiences of particular communities. This volume demonstrates that, while the United States and Canada have much in common when it comes to urban development, there are important structural and historical differences between the immigrant experiences in these two countries.
While federal action on immigration faces an uncertain future, states, cities and suburban municipalities craft their own responses to immigration. Twenty-First-Century Gateways, focuses on the fastest-growing immigrant populations in metropolitan areas with previously low levels of immigration—places such as Atlanta, Austin, Charlotte, Dallas-Fort Worth, Minneapolis-St. Paul, Phoenix, Portland, Sacramento, and Washington, D.C. These places are typical of the newest, largest immigrant gateways to America, characterized by post-WWII growth, recent burgeoning immigrant populations, and predominantly suburban settlement. More immigrants, both legal and undocumented, arrived in the United States during the 1990s than in any other decade on record. That growth has continued more slowly since the Great Recession; nonetheless the U.S. immigrant population has doubled since 1990. Many immigrants continued to move into traditional urban centers such as New York, Chicago, and Los Angeles, but burgeoning numbers were attracted by the economic and housing opportunities of fast-growing metropolitan areas and their largely suburban settings. The pace of change in this new geography of immigration has presented many local areas with challenges—social, fiscal, and political. Edited by Audrey Singer, Susan W. Hardwick, and Caroline B. Brettell, Twenty-First-Century Gateways provides in-depth, comparative analysis of immigration trends and local policy responses in America's newest gateways. The case examples by a group of leading multidisciplinary immigration scholars explore the challenges of integrating newcomers in the specific gateways, as well as their impact on suburban infrastructure such as housing, transportation, schools, health care, economic development, and public safety. The changes and trends dissected in this book present a critically important understanding of the reshaping of the United States today and the future impact of
The 2021 edition of International Migration Outlook analyses recent developments in migration movements and the labour market inclusion of immigrants in OECD countries. It also monitors recent policy changes in migration governance and integration in OECD countries.
"Focuses on the fastest-growing immigrant populations among "second-tier" metropolitan areas. Examines the changes wrought by these new suburban settlement patterns and provides comparative analysis of immigration trends and local policy responses in these gateways. Case examples explore the challenges of newcomer integration, as well as immigration's impact on suburban infrastructure"--Provided by publisher.