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Rapid advances in stem cell biology have raised exciting possibilities of replacing damaged or lost tissues and cells by activation of in vitro-expanded stem cells or their progeny. This book examines many of the unresolved problems as well as future applications of regenerative medicine. In addition to animal experiments, results of research on human tissues and organs are included.
Assumptions made about alcohol, and beer in particular, are often based on media coverage, cultural stereotypes and even myths. Both the academic world and the brewing industry agree that ignorance may lead to prejudice. This books reflects their concern.
Dietary fibre research is rapidly evolving and is stimulated by the growing attention for intestinal health which is needed for combating major disorders such as diabetes, cardio-vascular diseases and obesity. Current research also explores relationships between fibres, the immune system and stress. The recently agreed EU and CODEX definitions for dietary fibre - including all polymeric carbohydrates not digested in the small intestine - provide both clarity and new challenges regarding adequate analysis and concerning the requirements for added fibre. Added fibre should have 'a physical effect of benefit to health as demonstrated by generally accepted scientific evidence to competent authorities'. Novel research tools from genomics toolboxes and advanced systems simulating the gastro-intestinal tract, are enabling researchers to obtain insights in the wide range of structure function relationships of different types of dietary fibre. These include the impact of dietary fibre on the gut microbiota and relationships between prebiotics and peptides involved in regulation of satiety and other functions. New technologies steadily increase the range of fibres, with and without anti-oxidants and other beneficial co-passengers, which are available to food processors. Dietary fibre - new frontiers for food and health covers the most up-to-date research available on dietary fibre and will be an indispensable tool for all scientists and technologists involved in research and development in this field.
Doctor Internet is an essential reference for any person who wants to be more actively involved in his or her own medical care. Millions of people (both patients and professionals) are beginning to use the Internet for researching health and medicine.
Knowledge concerning oesophageal pathophysiology has until recently lagged far behind that of the pathophysiology of other portions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract for reasons that still remain unclear. Yet, it is the fact that, at least until the last few decades, interest in the oesophagus was primarily based on pathologic anatomy. Even today, much remains to be learnt on the pathophysiology of oesophageal disease. The recent development of methods of studying both morphology and function of the oesophagus has resulted in a better understanding of normal and abnormal oesophageal patterns with a corresponding improvement in treatment, which is now physiologically, rather than anatomically based. As customary, the World OESO Congresses are planned to provide each time a thorough analysis of a specific topic in oesophageal disease. The 8th World Congress of OESO was devoted to the Foregut: Function and Dysfunction to emphasise the complex interaction between the oesophagus and the other portions of the upper GI tract, either in maintaining physiological function or in triggering oesophageal disease. The choice is a timely one because recent investigations have allowed new insights into the pathophysiology of these complex interactions to be gained. It is indeed becoming clear that there are intriguing pathophysiological abnormalities that account for upper GI symptoms and that more targeted therapy is needed to address the unmet clinical needs. Within this framework, specific sessions were devoted to disorders of secretion, of motility as well as of nutrition with a special emphasis on recent advances. Unlike some of the other publications, this volume does not merely represent the proceedings of an International Congress. With its now established and successful format, it collects the answers to 130 key questions, offered by 110 basic scientists and clinicians the world over, all of whom have personally contributed to the topic, in order to provide a glimpse of what may lie ahead. The easy-to-read format will allow the practising and busy physician to keep up efficiently with advances in diagnosis and therapy in this rapidly evolving field.
Identification and development of cancer biomarkers and targets have greatly accelerated progress towards precision medicine in oncology. Studies of tumor biology have not only provided insights into the mechanisms underlying carcinogenesis, but also led to discovery of molecules that have been developed into cancer biomarkers and targets. Multi-platforms for molecular characterization of tumors using next-generation genomic sequencing, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and blood-based biopsies have greatly expanded the portfolio of potential biomarkers and targets. These cancer biomarkers have been developed for diagnosis, early detection, prognosis, and prediction of treatment response. The molecular targets have been exploited for anti-cancer therapy and delivery of therapeutic agents. This Special Issue of Biomedicines focuses on recent advances in the discovery, characterization, translation, and clinical application of cancer biomarkers and targets in malignant diseases of the digestive system. The goal is to stimulate basic and translational research and clinical collaboration in this exciting field with the hope of developing strategies for prevention and early detection/diagnosis of cancer in digestive organs, and improving therapeutic and psychosocial outcomes in patients with these malignant diseases.
Perhaps no medical breakthrough in the twentieth century is more spectacular, more hope-giving, or more fraught with ethical questions than organ transplantation. Each year some 25,000 Americans are pulled back from the brink of death by receiving vital new organs. Another 5,000 die while waiting for them. And what distinguishes these two groups has become the source of one of our thorniest ethical questions. In Raising the Dead, Ronald Munson offers a vivid, often wrenchingly dramatic account of how transplants are performed, how we decide who receives them, and how we engage the entire range of tough issues that arise because of them. Each chapter begins with a detailed account of a specific case--Mickey Mantle's controversial liver transplant, for example--followed by careful analysis of its surrounding ethical questions (the charges that Mantle received special treatment because he was a celebrity, the larger problems involving how organs are allocated, and whether alcoholics should have an equal claim on donor livers). In approaching transplant ethics through specific cases, Munson reminds us of the complex personal and emotional dimension that underlies such issues. The book also ranges beyond our present capabilities to explore the future possibilities in xenotransplantation (transplanting animal organs into humans) and stem cell technology that would allow doctors to grow new organs from the patient's own cells. Based on extensive scientific research, but written with a novelist's eye for the human condition, Raising the Dead shows readers the reality of organ transplantation now, the possibility of what it may become, and how we might respond to the ethical challenges it forces us to confront.