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Reprint of the original, first published in 1877.
The art of structural design requires specific methods and tools. One of those consists in modelling the structural behaviour through a network of straight bars, whether in compression (struts) or in tension (ties), and in expressing its static equilibrium through classic graphic statics reciprocal diagrams: a form diagram describing the geometry of a strut-and-tie network and a force diagram representing the vector equilibrium of its nodes. When it comes to statically indeterminate structures, the lower-bound theorem of Plasticity avoids any overestimation of the load bearing capacity, which allows the designer to select one of the possible equilibrium states. Considering that a limit state analysis of these indeterminate equilibriums can better support the design process when it shares the same graphical environment, the thesis consists in proposing a graphical methodology for constructing a parametric force diagram resulting from the combination of independent force diagrams. The stress distribution is then modified by manipulating the relative position of some vertices of the force diagram until it reaches limit states; hence, the possibility of identifying the collapse state and the corresponding load bearing capacity of various types of structures such as pin-jointed trusses, beams or masonry arches. The analysis of the admissible geometrical domains for these specific vertices allows a better understanding of the behaviour of statically indeterminate structures at limit state and may be helpful when designing them.
The book focuses on all typological aspects of arches and vaults within the heritage of design and construction, while bringing attention to new “green” materials, promoting a circular economy informed by limitations caused by global warming. The multidisciplinary approach involves several different competences in architecture, structural engineering, conservation and restoration, geomatics, BIM, building engineering, the technology and history of construction, graphical methods of assessment, and innovative design that utilizes non-polluting materials. After an overview of the technical and aesthetic advantages of masonry vaults, there is a review of the most up-to-date trends in historic preservation. Classic methods of static assessment and innovative building technologies are detailed. Surveying methods and data acquisition are discussed, particularly laser scanning technology and its applications in heritage masonry curved structures. Next comes the experimental static and dymanic behavior of masonry vaults, followed by a critical revision of Distinct Element innovative computerized Methods. An explanation as to how to pass from classic stability analysis to an adaptive Finite Element Method limit analysis procedure is offered. Reinterpretation of the past is then undertaken, with an eye towards emphasizing sustainability. Finally, the conclusion examines still existing gaps in knowledge and recommends avenues of future research.