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Neutrino '96 is indispensable for students and researchers of neutrino physics. It contains up-to-date reviews and discussions on topics such as Solar Neutrino Physics, Neutrino Oscillations, Intrinsic Neutrino Properties, and Neutrino Cosmology and Astronomy.
The scientific program of these important proceedings was arranged to cover most of the field of neutrino physics. In light of the rapid growth of interest stimulated by new interesting results from the field, more than half of the papers presented here are related to the neutrino mass and oscillations, including atmospheric and solar neutrino studies. Neutrino mass and oscillations could imply the existence of a mass scale many orders of magnitudes higher than presented in current physics and will probably guide scientists beyond the standard model of particle physics.
It is generally felt in the cosmology and particle astrophysics community that we have just entered an era which later can only be looked back upon as a golden age. Thanks to the rapid technical development, with powerful new telescopes and other detectors taken into operation at an impressive rate, and the accompanying advancement of theoretical ideas, the picture of the past, present and future Universe is getting ever clearer. Some of the most exciting new findings and expected future developments are discussed in this invaluable volume. The topics covered include the physics of the early Universe and ultra-high energy processes. Emphasis is also put on neutrino physics and astrophysics, with the evidence for non-zero neutrino masses emerging from both solar neutrinos and atmospheric neutrinos covered in great depth. Another field with interesting new results concerns the basic cosmological parameters, where both traditional methods and the potential of new ones, like deep supernova surveys and acoustic peak detections in the cosmic microwave background, are thoroughly discussed. Various aspects of the dark matter problem, such as gravitational lensing estimates of galaxy masses, cluster evolution and hot cluster electron distortions of the thermal microwave background spectrum, are also discussed, as are particle physics candidates of dark matter and methods to detect them. Cosmic rays of matter and antimatter are included as a topic, and so is the problem of the enigmatic dark energy of the vacuum. Contents: Cosmology with Clusters of Galaxies (N A Bahcall); Radiochemical Solar Neutrino Experiments and Implications (T A Kirsten); Evidence for Neutrino Oscillation Observed in Super-Kamiokande (Y Totsuka); High Energy Cosmic Neutrinos (S W Barwick); Discovery of the Cosmic Microwave Background (D T Wilkinson & P J E Peebles); Starlight in the Universe (P Madau); Acceleration of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (R D Blandford); Dark Matter and Dark Energy in the Universe (M S Turner); Dark Matter Tomography (J A Tyson); Status of Models for Gamma Ray Bursts (M J Rees); and other papers. Readership: High energy physicists, astrophysicists and cosmologists.
These proceedings consist of plenary rapporteur talks covering topics of major interest to the high energy physics community and parallel sessions papers which describe recent research results and future plans.
Justbefore the preliminary programof Orbis Scientiae 1998 went to press the news in physics was suddenly dominated by the discovery that neutrinos are, after all, massive particles. This was predicted by some physicists including Dr. Behram Kusunoglu, who had apaper published on this subject in 1976 in the Physical Review. Massive neutrinos do not necessarily simplify the physics of elementary particles but they do give elementary particle physics a new direction. If the dark matter content ofthe universe turns out to consist ofneutrinos, the fact that they are massive should make an impact on cosmology. Some of the papers in this volume have attempted to provide answers to these questions. We have a long way to go before we find the real reasons for nature’s creation of neutrinos. Another neutrino-related event was the passing of their discoverer, Fredrick Reines: The trustees of the Global Foundation, members of the Orbis Scientiae 1998, dedicate this conference to Fredrick Reines of the University of California at Irvine. The late Professor Reines was a loyal and active member of these series of conferences on the frontiers of physics and cosmology since 1964. He also sewed as one of the trustees of the Global Foundation for the past three years. Professor Reines discovered the most elusive particle, the neutrino, in 1954. We are proud to say that we recognized the importance of this discovery by awarding him the J.
The physics of neutrinos has acquired a rapidly increasing role within the realm of particle physics. Recognized as an elusive particle since the prediction of its existence by Pauli and its incorporation into particle theory by Fermi in the early thirties, the neutrino was first observed some twenty years later by Reines and Cowan. Experiments carried out by Lederman, Schwartz, Steinberger et al. first revealed the existence of several species of neutrinos. By now, neutrino physics has matured to the point where detailed properties of neutrinos and their mixing can be studied by a number of experiments carried out in various high energy laboratories. Such experiments are relevant not only from viewpoint of understanding the properties of elementary particles, but also the early history of the Universe.This volume discusses the most recent experimental and theoretical results in that exciting area of particle physics.
Reviews the current state of knowledge of neutrino masses and the related question of neutrino oscillations. After an overview of the theory of neutrino masses and mixings, detailed accounts are given of the laboratory limits on neutrino masses, astrophysical and cosmological constraints on those masses, experimental results on neutrino oscillations, the theoretical interpretation of those results, and theoretical models of neutrino masses and mixings. The book concludes with an examination of the potential of long-baseline experiments. This is an essential reference text for workers in elementary-particle physics, nuclear physics, and astrophysics.
The second meeting on 'New Worlds in Astroparticle Physics' reflected the growing interest and enthusiasm in the joint field of particle physics and astrophysics. The recent results of Superkamiokande on the possible neutrino oscillations are reviewed both from the experimental and theoretical points of view. The determination of the mass density in the Universe covered a wide range of topics from the Large Scale Structures to the Supernovae Cosmology project.Each main subject was introduced by a comprehensive review. The study of the origin and composition of cosmic rays is inspiring a new generation of earth- and space-based experiments.
A variety of evolutionary sequences of models for the solar interior has been computed, corresponding to variations in input data, to obtain some idea of the uncertainties involved in predicting a solar neutrino flux. It is concluded that the neutrino flux can be estimated to within a factor of 2, the primary uncertainty being the initial homogeneous solar composition; detailed results are given. With a preferred value of the heavy-element-to-hydrogen ratio Z/X = 0.028, the helium content necessary to fit a model to the observed solar luminosity is found to be Y = 0.27.
This book, written by leading experts of the field, gives an excellent up-to-date overview of modern neutrino physics and is useful for scientists and graduate students alike. The book starts with a history of neutrinos and then develops from the fundamentals to the direct determination of masses and lifetimes. The role of neutrinos in fundamental astrophysical problems is discussed in detail.