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NDE Handbook: Non-Destructive Examination Methods for Condition Monitoring deals with monitoring of equipment, structures, and pipes in mechanical engineering, in the processing industry, in construction, and in electrotechnical fields. The book explains acoustic cross correlation involving leak detection in buried main water pipes or heating pipes by using special instruments to detect the flow noise generated at the point of fracture. The acoustic emission method, based on collection of vibrations or sound waves from the suspected material, can detect changes occurring in the material. Magnetic methods and eddy currents can measure the thickness of the coating on specific materials; dye penetrants can expose cracks or cleavages in surface materials; and emission spectroscopy can identify or sort the chemical composition of steel. The book also describes an endoscope used to visualize the interior of objects and the electrical resistance probe that can measure the loss of material based on changes in the electrical resistance. Other NDE methods that are used by investigators include stress pattern analysis by thermal emission, pulsed video thermography, Moire contour mapping, holographic interferometry, computerized tomography, and positron annihilation. The book will prove valuable for engineers, physicists, technicians, operators involved in material research, risk prevention, or accident control, and for general readers interested in materials quality and specifications.
This handbook comprehensively covers the cutting-edge trends and techniques essential for the integration of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) into the changing face of the modern industrial landscape. In particular, it delves into the marriage of NDE with new techniques in e.g. data mining, cloud computing and autonomous operation, highlighting the potential for cyber-physical controlled production and discussing the myriad possible applications across many different industries. The Handbook of NDE 4.0 centers around the Internet of Things and Industry 4.0 – the next generation of industrial production encompassing all aspects of networking across all industrial areas. It discusses the adaptation of existing NDE techniques to emerging new technological areas, such as 3D printing, via the introduction of cyber systems into the inspection and maintenance processes. In addition, the handbook covers topics such as the management and processing of big data with respect to real-time monitoring of structural integrity and reliable inspection of individual components. Remote NDE to include competence not available on-site will be a potential technique to increase reliability of NDE inspections by integrating additional specialist inputs into the decision process by methods such as telepresence, thereby better leveraging the scarce resources of senior inspectors into industrial inspections at multiple sites. The handbook houses a wealth of essential information to help academics, industry professionals and entrepreneurs navigate through this burgeoning new field. The material in this handbook is presented with the intention of ultimately improving human safety through reliable inspections and dependable maintenance of critical infrastructure, while also enhancing business value through reduced downtime, affordable maintenance, and talent optimization.
This handbook is a comprehensive source of information on all aspects of non-destructive testing (NDT), for use by professionals, educators, and most of all, by the practitioners of testing. The art of NDT consists of dozens of methods, some classical, and some emerging. As the pace of industrial work and discovery intensifies and materials are utilized to their physical limits, the role of NDT becomes ever more important. As a result, the methods of testing are themselves evolving, and it is the intent of this book to capture this evolution. Handbook of Modern Non-Destructive Testing broadens the scope from traditional books on the subject. In addition to classical, emerging and exotic methods of evaluation, the book will also cover the use of NDT techniques in other fields, such as archaeology or resource exploration. With contributions from experts in all areas of the field, the reader will find balanced coverage of a variety of testing methods, with no bias against or endorsements of any particular method. The book treats many areas in depth, covering all aspects of testing, and will include case studies where appropriate. Additional coverage of statistical methods and their use, as well as simulations‘ role in testing and test design, are included.
A near-death experience (NDE) is a phenomenon whereby powerful physical and emotional sensations and visions are experienced by someone who is either close to death or has been declared clinically dead. This is a guide to the theory and evidence underlying the phenomenon of NDEs.
A team of international experts presents the history, recent developments, and controversies in the intriguing study of near-death experience. Experts from around the world share the history and current state of near-death experience (NDE) knowledge. They explore controversies in the field, offer stories from their research, and express their hopes for the future of investigation into this fascinating phenomenon. As modern medical techniques for resuscitation advance, NDEs are more frequently reported. These include more than the popular notions of moving through a tunnel or seeing a light. They also include people, once revived, knowing things their knowledge of which can't currently be explained. As The Handbook of Near-Death Experiences: Thirty Years of Investigation makes clear, great controversy exists in the medical and psychological fields concerning NDEs. Are they caused by physiological changes in the brain, or are they biological reactions to oxygen loss or impending death? Are they a product of changing states of consciousness? Or are they caused by something else altogether? All of these ideas and more are discussed in this unique and comprehensive volume.
A team of international experts presents the history, recent developments, and controversies in the intriguing study of near-death experience. Experts from around the world share the history and current state of near-death experience (NDE) knowledge. They explore controversies in the field, offer stories from their research, and express their hopes for the future of investigation into this fascinating phenomenon. As modern medical techniques for resuscitation advance, NDEs are more frequently reported. These include more than the popular notions of moving through a tunnel or seeing a light. They also include people, once revived, knowing things their knowledge of which can't currently be explained. As The Handbook of Near-Death Experiences: Thirty Years of Investigation makes clear, great controversy exists in the medical and psychological fields concerning NDEs. Are they caused by physiological changes in the brain, or are they biological reactions to oxygen loss or impending death? Are they a product of changing states of consciousness? Or are they caused by something else altogether? All of these ideas and more are discussed in this unique and comprehensive volume.
Review: "More than 100 scholars contributed to this carefully researched, well-organized, informative, and multi-disciplinary source on death studies. Volume 1, "The Presence of Death," examines the cultural, historical, and societal frameworks of death, such as the universal fear of death, spirituality and varioius religions, the legal definition of death, suicide, and capital punishment. Volume 2, "The Response to Death," covers such topics as rites and ceremonies, grief and bereavement, and legal matters after death."--"The Top 20 Reference Titles of the Year," American Libraries, May 2004.
This book presents concepts, methods and techniques to examine symptoms of faults and failures of structures, systems and components and to monitor functional performance and structural integrity. The book is organized in five parts. Part A introduces the scope and application of technical diagnostics and gives a comprehensive overview of the physics of failure. Part B presents all relevant methods and techniques for diagnostics and monitoring: from stress, strain, vibration analysis, nondestructive evaluation, thermography and industrial radiology to computed tomography and subsurface microstructural analysis. Part C cores the principles and concepts of technical failure analysis, illustrates case studies, and outlines machinery diagnostics with an emphasis on tribological systems. Part D describes the application of structural health monitoring and performance control to plants and the technical infrastructure, including buildings, bridges, pipelines, electric power stations, offshore wind structures, and railway systems. And finally, Part E is an excursion on diagnostics in arts and culture. The book integrates knowledge of basic sciences and engineering disciplines with contributions from research institutions, academe, and industry, written by internationally known experts from various parts of the world, including Europe, Canada, India, Japan, and USA.
This handbook is an in-depth guide to the practical aspects of materials and corrosion engineering in the energy and chemical industries. The book covers materials, corrosion, welding, heat treatment, coating, test and inspection, and mechanical design and integrity. A central focus is placed on industrial requirements, including codes, standards, regulations, and specifications that practicing material and corrosion engineers and technicians face in all roles and in all areas of responsibility. The comprehensive resource provides expert guidance on general corrosion mechanisms and recommends materials for the control and prevention of corrosion damage, and offers readers industry-tested best practices, rationales, and case studies.
The need for this book arose from my teaching, engineering, and - search experience in the non-power aspects of nuclear technology. The lack of a comprehensive textbook in industrial applications of radiation frustrated my students, who had to resort to a multitude of textbooks and research publications to familiarize themselves with the fundam- tal and practical aspects of radiation technology. As an engineer, I had to acquire the design aspects of radiation devices by trial-and-error, and often by accidental reading of a precious publication. As a researcher and a supervisor of graduate students, I found that the needed literature was either hard to find, or too scattered and diverse. More than once, I discovered that what appeared to be an exciting new idea was an old concept that was tried a few decades earlier during the golden era of “Atom for Peace”. I am hoping, therefore, that this book will serve as a single comprehensive reference source in a growing field that I expect will continue to expand. This book is directed to both neophytes and experts, and is written to combine the old and the new, the basic and the advanced, the simple and the complex. It is anticipated that this book will be of help in - viving older concepts, improving and expanding existing techniques and promoting the development of new ones.