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Cameroon is rich in petroleum, minerals, tropical forests, wildlife, water systems, fertile lands, and much more. Paradoxically however, most citizens live in abject poverty and without jobs, potable water, electricity, good healthcare and roads. This book is a thoughtful interrogation of some of the structural factors driving persistent poverty in Cameroon in the midst of natural resource abundance. It engages in a multidimensional critical analysis of the impact of natural resources on basic development indicators and concludes that good resource governance and sound management are the missing link. Natural resources alone will not create socio-economic prosperity void of good management with a clear development vision and strategy in Cameroon. The book assembles a wide diversity of analysis, views, perspectives and recommendations from economists, development experts, social and political scientists, on Cameroons current development inertia. What emerges in the end is a coherent interdisciplinary analysis of the natural resource-development paradox as it plays out in an African setting. Theories and good practices from Africa and beyond are systematically applied to identify and critique present policy and management approaches while providing alternative options that can unlock Cameroons natural resource wealth for national prosperity.
The densely populated Bamenda Highlands of Cameroon remains one of the regions with the greatest land degradation problems in the country. Factors responsible for this include climate change, the hilly nature or topographic layout of the land, and human interference through overgrazing, destructive agricultural practices and the impact of deforestation. This detailed study of resource management and its ecological challenges in the Bamenda Highlands, stresses an important link between falling food output and soil deterioration. While most areas in this predominantly agricultural region enjoy food abundance, the inhabitants of high-density infertile, rugged mountainous areas are forced to resort to double cropping and intensified land exploitation that leave little room for soil regeneration. The population problem in relation to land degradation is infinitely more complicated than the region's sheer ability to produce enough food supply. The authors make a strong case for a delicate balance between human agency and environmental protection in this highly populated and physically challenging region where land is a precious resource and land conflicts are common.
Purpose With heterogeneous findings dominating the growth and natural resources relations, there is a need to explain the variances in Africa's growth process as induced by robust measures of factor endowments. This study used a comprehensive set of data from the updated database of the World Bank to capture the heterogeneous dimensions of natural resource endowments on growth with a particular focus on establishing complementary evidence on the resource curse hypothesis in energy and environmental economics literature in Africa. These comprehensive data on oil rent, coal rent, and forest rent could provide new and insightful evidence on obscure relations on the subject matter. Design/methodology/approach This paper considers the panel vector error correction (PVECM) procedure to explain changes in economic growth outcomes as induced by oil rent, coal rent and forest rent. The consideration of the (PVECM) was premised on the panel unit root process that returns series that were cointegrated at the first-order differentials. Findings The paper found positive relations between oil rent, coal rent and economic development in Africa. Forest rent, on the other hand, is inversely related to economic growth in Africa. Trade and human capital are positively related to economic growth in Africa, while population growth is negatively associated with economic growth in Africa. Research limitations/implications Short-run policies should be tailored toward the stability of fiscal expenditure such that the objective of fiscal policy, which is to maintain the condition of full employment, economic stability, and stabilise the rate of growth, can be optimised and sustained. By this, the resource curse will be averted, and productive capacity will increase, leading to sustainable growth and development in Africa, where conditions for growth and development remains inadequately met. Originality/value The originality of this paper can be viewed from the strength of its arguments and methods adopted to address the questions raised in this paper. This study further illuminated age-long obscure relations in the literature of natural resource endowment and economic growth by taking a disaggregated approach to the component-by-component analysis of natural resources factors (the oil rent, coal rent and forest rent) and their corresponding influence on economic growth in Africa. This pattern remains underexplored mainly in previous literature on the subject. Many African countries are blessed with an abundance of these different natural resources in varying proportions. The misuse and mismanagement of these resources along various dimensions have been the core of the inclination toward the resource curse hypothesis in Africa. Knowing how growth conditions respond to changes in the depth of forest resources, oil resources and coal resources could be a useful pointer in Africa's overall use and management. This study contributed to the literature on natural resource-induced growth dynamics by offering a generalisable conclusion as to why natural resource-abundance economies are prone to poor economic performance. This study further asks if mineral deposits are a source or reflection of illgrowth and underdevelopment in African countries.
The natural resource and right to development dilemma / Serges Djoyou Kamga and Carol Chi Ngang -- Sustainable right to development governance of natural resources in Africa / -- Carol Chi Ngang -- Loss, anguish and postponement: The story of African development, natural resource ownership and the paradox of waiting / Isaac Shai -- Rationale for Africa's 'legitimate' ownership of her natural resources / Daphine Kabagambe Agaba -- Resource constitutionalism for socio-economic development in Africa's petrostates: Re-imagining prior-informed consent -- Aaron Olaniyi Salau -- Peoples' right to natural resources in Africa and state sovereignty: A quest for equilibrium / Jacob Osutongun Abiodun -- Colonial extraction of natural resource and the impact on the right to development in Africa / Annelie de Man and Carol Chi Ngang -- Issues of sovereignty over natural resources in Africa / Faith Kabata -- Rethinking natural resource ownership and the realisation of the right to development for indigenous peoples in Africa / Esther E. Njieassam -- Ownership of natural resources and the right to development for African indigenous peoples / Ebun Abolarin -- Assessing the impact of water policies and practices on the RTD within the tourism industry in Africa / Furaha Joy Sekai Saungweme -- Sustainable Development Goals and the bumpy road to 2030 in Ethiopia: The challenges of land grabbing / Jean-Claude N. Ashukem -- Freedom from want and the constitutional right to development in Ethiopia: Urban Productive Safety Net Programme-The case of Addis Ababa / Tsion T. Dechassa and Gedion G. Jalata -- Corporate social responsibility and the right to development in local communities: The case of the Democratic Republic of Congo / Muyamba Mangu and Serges Djoyou Kamga -- Laws on natural resources ownership in Ghana: A perceived hindrance to community development / Bridget Kafui Anthonio-Apedzi -- Policy implications of the right to development through the Mining Charter of South Africa / Mofihli Teleki -- Impact of artisanal and small scale gold mining on livelihood in Mutasa District of Manicaland Province, Zimbabwe / Cephas Mandihrawe -- Conclusion. Towards a resilient development future in Africa / Carol Chi Ngang.
This volume provides up-to-date information on what has happened in the African ‘land rush’, providing national case studies for countries that were heavily impacted. The research will be a critical resource for students, researchers, advocates and policy makers as it provides detailed, long-term assessments of a broad range of national contexts. In addition to the specific questions of land and investment, this book sheds light on the broader international political economy of development in different African countries.
Responsibility is political. As the international community has called for more responsible environmental, social, and governance performance, the politics of commodities has become more fraught. Commodity Politics cuts through the new rhetoric of responsibility and presents innovative research from Cameroon to provide a better understanding of the political complexity surrounding commodity production and trade in the twenty-first century. Assessing the perspectives of businesses, international organizations, governments, and civil society groups, the authors offer insights gleaned from years of field research in a commodity-dependent country. Commodity Politics presents case studies of sugar, palm oil, cocoa, and the Chad-Cameroon pipeline project. These cases uncover a problematic politics that is much broader than the implications of corporate social responsibility codes for people and the planet, delivering solid rationales for policy-makers and commodity stakeholders to think more deeply about investor-driven approaches to improving environmental, social, and governance conduct. This book trains students and scholars to better recognize political intricacies and consequential flash points. Immersing its readers in timely debates over the meaning and intent of responsibility, Commodity Politics breaks new ground in the political analysis of development.
This book preserves and scientifically interprets the African foreknowledge on water resources management. It offers insight into the relevance of the traditional knowledge and practices to modern approaches on sustainable water management. The African continent has partially preserved its natural habitat for centuries. In this book, this knowledge is combined with the current scientific understanding. The traditional practices are categorized as: i) water harvesting, ii) water transportation, iii) water storage and conservation, iv) water treatments, v) myths and folk stories about water management or conservation, vi) water resource management systems, and vii) soil–water–forest conservation/management systems sub-topics. The findings presented here are in line with SDG 6, which aims at ensuring availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all by the year 2030.
The discussion on the role of the state and non-state actors in the improvement of livelihoods in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where economic and social development is slowest, has been characterized by a disjoint between theory and empirical research. This volume sets out to revisit this question by examining the place of the two types of actors in the development process, and the increasing influence of public-private partnerships in livelihood outcomes. The book combines theoretical reflections and empirical studies on a wide variety of initiatives in several domains that seek to improve wellbeing and livelihoods, with a focus on the Sub-Saharan country of Cameroon. The book will provide insights on an area which has been both neglected with the rise of neo-liberalism, and also revived by the recent introduction of the global development goals.