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Maintaining forest biodiversity by combining protection, management and restoration of forest and woodland landscapes is a central component of sustainable development. Evidence that there are threshold levels for how much habitat loss may be tolerated for viable populations of specialised species to be maintained. Policy-makers, businesses and managers pose questions about how to balance use of renewable forest resources and conserve biodiversity. Examples are presented on how biodiversity assessments can be made. Proposes how the critical gaps in our knowledge identified throughout the book could be filled through macroecological research and international co-operation.
The quest for policy integration crystallized in the 1990s as awareness was growing that the current supply of narrow, sectoral, and little coordinated, or even overlapping and conflicting, policies could not cope efficiently and effectively with contemporary complex, cross-cutting and interdependent socio-environmental problems. Combining and coordinating policies properly promises to address this institutional misfit, "add value" to policies, support planning at national and sub-national levels, and facilitate the transition to sustainable development more generally. This book proposes a comprehensive conceptualization of policy integration and negotiates pertinent theoretical, methodological and applied issues from the perspective of selected EU policies - rural development, regional development, transport, social, economic, environmental, water resources, and biodiversity policy. Mediterranean desertification, an exceptionally complex socio-environmental problem, is used as an illustrative example as the idea for this book transpired while researching the topic of policy making to combat desertification in the context of MEDACTION, an EU-funded research project.
Forests are in decline, and the threats these outposts of nature face—including deforestation, degradation, and fragmentation—are the result of human culture. Or are they? This volume calls these assumptions into question, revealing forests’ past, present, and future conditions to be the joint products of a host of natural and cultural forces. Moreover, in many cases the coalescence of these forces—from local ecologies to competing knowledge systems—has masked a significant contemporary trend of woodland resurgence, even in the forests of the tropics. Focusing on the history and current use of woodlands from India to the Amazon, The Social Lives of Forests attempts to build a coherent view of forests sited at the nexus of nature, culture, and development. With chapters covering the effects of human activities on succession patterns in now-protected Costa Rican forests; the intersection of gender and knowledge in African shea nut tree markets; and even the unexpectedly rich urban woodlands of Chicago, this book explores forests as places of significant human action, with complex institutions, ecologies, and economies that have transformed these landscapes in the past and continue to shape them today. From rain forests to timber farms, the face of forests—how we define, understand, and maintain them—is changing.
This Directory means that a whole range of built environment professionals need never be caught out by the perversities of policy – in its formulation or on its journey into the real life of you and me. To have in one place the means of not only burrowing down into any one policy, but also of exploring the interconnections is a precious resource for any professional - ‘sustainability literate’ or not. Today, nobody who delivers our built environment can be excused from taking responsibility for the future. Armed with this Directory their contribution can only be made more effective. Sara Parkin OBE Forum for the Future This desk-top reference on sustainable development provides essential information for all who need to be up-to-date and familiar with the implications of the legal, fiscal and planning frameworks around the global and local sustainability agenda. It is relevant to a range of organisations and individuals - from national and local authorities, professional bodies, built environment professions, academia, environmental consultancies, non-governmental organisations and others. Carefully designed to facilitate access for a diverse range of stakeholders, it covers international, European, British and local policies in key built environment themes, and develops their inter-relationship to sustainable development. The Directory addresses each theme in a series of tables which summarise the policy purpose and also provide web-links to view the specific policy documents. The themes covered are: · Biodiversity · Climate Change · Construction · Energy · Environment · Planning · Pollution · Social Issues · Sustainable Development Policy and Practice · Transport · Urban Development · Waste Management · Water Other books of interest: The Green Guide to Specification Anderson ISBN: 1405119616 Smart & Sustainable Built Environments Yang Hardback ISBN: 1405124229 Sustainable Property Development Keeping Paperback ISBN: 0632058048 Previously Developed Land Syms Paperback 1405106972 Evaluating Sustainable Development Brandon 0632064862 Cover design by Garth Stewart www.thatconstructionsite.com
Scope of the study; Organization of the report; The forests and forest sector in Brazil; How much forest is there?; The Amazon; The Atlantic forest; Changes in forest cover; The economic importance of Brazil's forests; Size of the forest sector; International trade; Pressures on the forests; Deforestation and government policies; Forest regulation; Weak institutional environment and enforcement; Logging; Agricultural expansion; Smallholder agriculture in the western Amazon; Agriculture expansion in Parana; Development; Forest fires; Agricultural credit; Protecting Brazil's forests: the role of parks and plantations; Protected areas; Plantation forestry; Important issues in the forest sector; Costs and benefits of managed forests in Brazil; Conservation solutions; Certification; Indigenous communities; Extraction of non-timber forest products; Forest research and forest technology; The changing role of the public sector; The influence of nongovernmental organizations; The World Bank and Brazil; Overview; The Bank program in Brazil; Country assistance strategies; New environmental strategies; Economic and sector work since 1991; World Bank lending portfolio; Evaluation of the bank program in Brazil; Minas Gerais forestry development; Northwest region integration program (POLONOROESTE); Rondonia and Mato Grosso natural resource management projects; Emergency fire prevention; Land management projects; Agriculture and forestry technology development; Global environment facility; Pilot program to conserve the Amazon rain forest (PPG-7); Projects with possible impacts on forests; Transportation projects and the forests of Brazil; Land reform projects; Supplemental tables; The 1991 forest strategy; Economic background; World Bank inspection panel findings for the PLANFLORO Project; OED - and QAG - Evaluated projects; Summary of november 1999 Brasilia Workshop and stakeholder comments; Summary of march 2000 Brasilia Workshop.
There have been significant changes to farming and forestry, and new strategies for agriculture, forestry and biodiversity have been launched. The influence of farming and forestry on Scotland's landscapes is seen as increasingly important, and new access rights have been put in place by the Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003. Although these changes bring uncertainty and challenges, they also bring a major opportunity to move decisively towards integrating landscape, biodiversity and recreational objectives in land management. This book takes stock of the changes taking places and considers a number of case studies, which together suggest that progress is being made, looks ahead at future research and advisory needs, and highlights some key challenges to achieving better integration in the future.
Demand for timber and fibre continues to grow and is being met by increased reliance on plantation forestry. Many of the plantations that are being grown around the globe are non-native species that have characteristics of rapid growth and good commercial qualities. In some cases, the high rates of production are a result of the absence of native herbivore and diseases. This limited pest status is threatened as pest species move around the globe. At the same time there is concern about threats of these non-native plantation species on native communities and the impact of changing climates on forest productivity. This volume explores many of these issues for the first time.