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This book, first published in 1983, examines weapons standardisation as one aspect of NATO’s efficiency. It analyses the economic arguments for weapons standardisation, the limitations of the analysis and the available evidence. A political economy or public choice approach is used, with its emphasis on policy developments in the political market place of voters, political parties, bureaucracies and interest groups. These agents are central to understanding the function of weapons procurement policy within the Alliance.
This book investigates the underlying reasons for the longevity of détente and its impact on East–West relations. The volume examines the relevance of trade across the Iron Curtain as a means to facilitate mutual trust, as well as the emergence of new habits of transparency regardless of recurring military crises. A major theme of the book concerns Helmut Schmidt’s foreign policy and his contribution to the resilience of cooperative security policies in East–West relations. It examines Schmidt’s crucial role in the Euromissile crisis, his Ostpolitik diplomacy and his pan-European trade initiatives to engage the Soviet Union in a joint perspective of trade, industry and technology. Another key theme concerns the crisis in US–Soviet relations and the challenges of meaningful leadership communication between Washington and Moscow in the absence of backchannel diplomacy during the Carter years. The book depicts the freeze in US–Soviet relations after the Soviet invasion in Afghanistan, the declaration of martial law in Poland, and Helmut Schmidt’s efforts to serve as a mediator and interpreter working for a relaunch of US–Soviet dialogue. Eventually, the book highlights George Shultz’s pivotal role in the Reagan Administration’s efforts to improve US-Soviet relations, well before Mikhail Gorbachev’s arrival. This book will be of interest to students of Cold War studies, diplomatic history, foreign policy and international relations.
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This report examines the prospects of NATO cooperation in the development and production of tactical missiles. It presents the quantitative background of arms production and trade among the four major arms producers in NATO: France, FRG, UK, and US. The views of senior European government officials concerning arms cooperation are presented using their public statements on the subject made on both sides of the Atlantic. The study then turns to NATO tactical missiles. After tracing the history of missile development since World War II, the study then measures the interest and capability of the four countries in the various types of tactical missiles, based on production, exports, development spending, and force levels--using both recent figures and totals for the last 30 years. Estimates of development cost savings are made for the past based on a program of complete four power cooperation. Estimates of development cost savings are made for the future by comparing a program of complete cooperation with an expected or most likely program. Conclusions are presented concerning the difficulty of attaining further cooperation beyond that already achieved.
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is the world’s largest, most powerful military alliance. The Alliance has navigated and survived the Cold War, the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the post-9/11 era. Since the release of the 2010 Strategic Concept, NATO’s strategic environment has again undergone significant change. The need to adapt is clear. An opportunity to assess the Alliance’s achievements and future goals has now emerged with the Secretary General’s drive to create a new Strategic Concept for the next decade—an initiative dubbed NATO 2030. A necessary step for formulating a new strategic outlook will thus be understanding the future that faces NATO. To remain relevant and adjust to new circumstances, the Alliance must identify its main challenges and opportunities in the next ten years and beyond. This book contributes to critical conversations on NATO’s future vitality by examining the Alliance’s most salient issues and by offering recommendations to ensure its effectiveness moving forward. Written by a diverse, multigenerational group of policymakers and academics from across Europe and the United States, this book provides new insights about NATO’s changing threat landscape, its shifting internal dynamics, and the evolution of warfare. The volume’s authors tackle a wide range of issues, including the challenges of Russia and China, democratic backsliding, burden sharing, the extension of warfare to space and cyberspace, partnerships, and public opinion. With rigorous assessments of NATO’s challenges and opportunities, each chapter provides concrete recommendations for the Alliance to chart a path for the future. As such, this book is an indispensable resource for NATO’s strategic planners and security and defense experts more broadly.
Interoperability and standardization in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) are receiving strong emphasis in defense circles throughout the alliance. Both are seen as ways to improve performance on the battle field and to promote better management of defense budgets. Interoperability requires two or more weapon systems, used for the same military purposes, to be sufficiently similar to enable them to operate with common supplies such as fuel or ammunition. Standardization envisions even greater commonality. In codevelopment all participants can derive economic and technological benefits from sharing the cost of development and the ensuing production. The formation of consortia to develop weapon systems entirely within the European community has been gathering momentum because of Europe's desire for technological advancement. If the United States and Europe continue to develop different weapons to meet common needs, the results could be serious setbacks for standardization. The European community still desires American participation in developing weapons for the European market to take advantage of American know-how. Europe has experienced some problems in its move toward multinational codevelopment of weapon systems. One of the most difficult stumbling blocks has been in getting a project started properly. The principal impediments Europeans see are: that the United States, because of its size, will tend to dominate in a joint venture relegating Europe to a junior partner status; U.S. arms export policies may restrict third country sales; government restrictions on technology transfer may impede or block the free flow of U.S. technology to Europe; and doubt as to whether the United States would be willing to compromise on some of its weapon system acquisition practices.