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This collection of fifteen essays examines the lives of important but relatively unknown Native Americans. The chapters explore the complexities of Indian-colonial relations from the seventeenth to the early nineteenth centuries, from Maine to the Ohio Valley. The volume is interdisciplinary, drawing on the methods and insights of social history, cultural anthropology, archaeology, and the study of material culture.
Long before the United States existed as a nation, the Northeast region was home to more than thirty independent American Indian groups. Each group had its own language, political system, and culture. Their ways of life depended on the climate, landscape, and natural resources of the areas where they lived. - The Lenape carved tulip tree trunks into canoes that held as many as fifty people. - The Huron used moose hair to stitch delicate patterns on clothing and on birch bark boxes. - The Menominee combined cornmeal, dried deer meat, maple sugar, and wild rice to make a traveling snack called pemmican. In the twenty-first century, many American Indians still call the Northeast home. Discover what the varied nations of the Northeast have in common and what makes each of them unique.
Descriptions of Indian peoples of the Northeast date to the Norse sagas, centuries before permanent European settlement, and the region has been the setting for a long history of contact, conflict, and accommodation between natives and newcomers. The focus of an extraordinarily vital field of scholarship, the Northeast is important both historically and theoretically: patterns of Indian-white relations that developed there would be replicated time and again over the course of American history. Today the Northeast remains the locus of cultural negotiation and controversy, with such subjects as federal recognition, gaming, land claims, and repatriation programs giving rise to debates directly informed by archeological and historical research of the region. The Columbia Guide to American Indians of the Northeast is a concise and authoritative reference resource to the history and culture of the varied indigenous peoples of the region. Encompassing the very latest scholarship, this multifaceted volume is divided into four parts. Part I presents an overview of the cultures and histories of Northeastern Indian people and surveys the key scholarly questions and debates that shape this field. Part II serves as an encyclopedia, alphabetically listing important individuals and places of significant cultural or historic meaning. Part III is a chronology of the major events in the history of American Indians in the Northeast. The expertly selected resources in Part IV include annotated lists of tribes, bibliographies, museums and sites, published sources, Internet sites, and films that can be easily accessed by those wishing to learn more.
Contains easy instructions for making twenty models, manipulatives, and mini-books that will teach students in grades two through four about the human body.
Between the settlement of the Pilgrims in New England in 1620 and the 1850s, native Indians were forced to move west of the Mississippi River. In the process they surrendered, mainly reluctantly, their claims to 412,000 square miles of land east of the Mississippi River and north of the Ohio River and the Mason-Dixon Line. Relying on the words of those involved and pertinent documents, this study gives insight into the thoughts and attitudes of those demanding the movement and the efforts of the Indians to remain. The changes in governmental policies that came about as a result of the Revolutionary War are noted as is the incremental weakening of the Indians as the avalanche of settlers moved west. Attention is given to the policies of George Washington and his secretary of war, Henry Knox, in the early years of the United States.
Before they were the Iroquois, they were six separate nations involved in bloody battles. The Peacemaker and Hiawatha changed all of that by encouraging the nations to bury their weapons and live peacefully. Under the Peacemakerís guidance, the Iroquois formed one of the most respected, and oldest, governments in the worldóthe Iroquois Confederacy. It was an alliance between the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, and later, the Tuscarora. Learn how the Iroquois organized and ran their government, controlled fur trade, fought in a war that put the strength of the Confederacy and its land at risk, and continued to preserve their culture, including religious practices, celebrations, and ceremonies, for over a thousand years.
Meticulously researched, accurate, and informative—the paper models and lessons in this book will help you teach about Native American tribes of the Northeast. Focusing mainly on the pre-colonial period, students will learn where different tribes lived, about tribal histories and cultures, and how different peoples met their needs for shelter, clothing, food, transportation, and more. Each reproducible model comes with easy how-to’s, a step by step lesson, and extension activities.
Literary critics frequently portray early Native American writers either as individuals caught between two worlds or as subjects who, even as they defied the colonial world, struggled to exist within it. In striking counterpoint to these analyses, Lisa Brooks demonstrates the ways in which Native leadersa including Samson Occom, Joseph Brant, Hendrick Aupaumut, and William Apessa adopted writing as a tool to reclaim rights and land in the Native networks of what is now the northeastern United States.