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Learn about the rich history of Mission San José: how it started, the people who ran it, the indigenous population, and its legacy today.
This copious collection of reminiscences, reports, letters, and documents allows readers to experience the vast and varied landscape of early California from the viewpoint of its inhabitants. What emerges is not the Spanish California depicted by casual visitors—a culture obsessed with finery, horses, and fandangos—but an ever-shifting world of aspiration and tragedy, pride and loss. Conflicts between missionaries and soldiers, Indians and settlers, friends and neighbors spill from these pages, bringing the ferment of daily life into sharp focus.
Discusses the founding, building, operation, closing, and restoration of the San Jose Mission and its role in California history.
A Cross of Thorns reexamines a chapter of California history that has been largely forgotten -- the enslavement of California's Indian population by Spanish missionaries from 1769 to 1821. California's Spanish missions are one of the state's major tourist attractions, where visitors are told that peaceful cultural exchange occurred between Franciscan friars and California Indians.
Under Many Flags" is an anthology that serves as a remarkable compendium of narratives, each thriving on the richness of diverse experiences and literary articulations. This collection traverses a wide array of themes, including identity, heritage, and the complexities of belonging in a constantly changing world. Through a myriad of literary styles, from poignant short stories to evocative essays, the anthology offers a panoramic view of the human condition. The varied literary styles, carefully curated, showcase the diversity and significance of the works included, navigating the reader through historical depths and contemporary dilemmas alike, making this collection invaluable for those seeking to understand the nuances of cultural intersections. The contributing authors, Elsie Singmaster and Katharine Scherer Cronk, bring their unique backgrounds and rich literary experiences to the anthology, infusing it with a depth that spans geological and temporal boundaries. Their collective contributions reflect not only on their personal journeys and insights but also echo broader historical, cultural, and literary movements. This confluence of perspectives enriches the reader's understanding of the collections overarching themes, illuminating both the diversity of human experience and the common threads that bind these varied narratives together. "Under Many Flags" is more than just an anthology; it is an invitation to explore a multiplicity of perspectives, styles, and themes. For educators, students, and lovers of literature alike, this collection offers a unique opportunity to delve into a rich tapestry of human experiences, thoughts, and emotions. It encourages a deep engagement with the text, fostering a dialogue between the different authors works and the readers own understanding of the world. This anthology promises to be a valuable resource for anyone looking to broaden their literary horizons and appreciate the beauty of diversity encapsulated under many flags.
Studies of the Spanish conquest in the Americas traditionally have explained European-Indian encounters in terms of such factors as geography, timing, and the charisma of individual conquistadores. Yet by reconsidering this history from the perspective of gender roles and relations, we see that gender ideology was a key ingredient in the glue that held the conquest together and in turn shaped indigenous behavior toward the conquerors. This book tells the hidden story of women during the missionization of California. It shows what it was like for women to live and work on that frontierÑand how race, religion, age, and ethnicity shaped female experiences. It explores the suppression of women's experiences and cultural resistance to domination, and reveals the many codes of silence regarding the use of force at the missions, the treatment of women, indigenous ceremonies, sexuality, and dreams. Virginia Bouvier has combed a vast array of sourcesÑ including mission records, journals of explorers and missionaries, novels of chivalry, and oral historiesÑ and has discovered that female participation in the colonization of California was greater and earlier than most historians have recognized. Viewing the conquest through the prism of gender, Bouvier gives new meaning to the settling of new lands and attempts to convert indigenous peoples. By analyzing the participation of womenÑ both Hispanic and IndianÑ in the maintenance of or resistance to the mission system, Bouvier restores them to the narrative of the conquest, colonization, and evangelization of California. And by bringing these voices into the chorus of history, she creates new harmonies and dissonances that alter and enhance our understanding of both the experience and meaning of conquest.
“A Native American rejoinder to Richard White and Jesse Amble White’s California Exposures.”—Kirkus Reviews Rewriting the history of California as Indigenous. Before there was such a thing as “California,” there were the People and the Land. Manifest Destiny, the Gold Rush, and settler colonial society drew maps, displaced Indigenous People, and reshaped the land, but they did not make California. Rather, the lives and legacies of the people native to the land shaped the creation of California. We Are the Land is the first and most comprehensive text of its kind, centering the long history of California around the lives and legacies of the Indigenous people who shaped it. Beginning with the ethnogenesis of California Indians, We Are the Land recounts the centrality of the Native presence from before European colonization through statehood—paying particularly close attention to the persistence and activism of California Indians in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. The book deftly contextualizes the first encounters with Europeans, Spanish missions, Mexican secularization, the devastation of the Gold Rush and statehood, genocide, efforts to reclaim land, and the organization and activism for sovereignty that built today’s casino economy. A text designed to fill the glaring need for an accessible overview of California Indian history, We Are the Land will be a core resource in a variety of classroom settings, as well as for casual readers and policymakers interested in a history that centers the native experience.