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Includes questionnaire for evaluation of training in volume 2.
For more than 50 years, low-cost antimalarial drugs silently saved millions of lives and cured billions of debilitating infections. Today, however, these drugs no longer work against the deadliest form of malaria that exists throughout the world. Malaria deaths in sub-Saharan Africaâ€"currently just over one million per yearâ€"are rising because of increased resistance to the old, inexpensive drugs. Although effective new drugs called "artemisinins" are available, they are unaffordable for the majority of the affected population, even at a cost of one dollar per course. Saving Lives, Buying Time: Economics of Malaria Drugs in an Age of Resistance examines the history of malaria treatments, provides an overview of the current drug crisis, and offers recommendations on maximizing access to and effectiveness of antimalarial drugs. The book finds that most people in endemic countries will not have access to currently effective combination treatments, which should include an artemisinin, without financing from the global community. Without funding for effective treatment, malaria mortality could double over the next 10 to 20 years and transmission will intensify.
Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.
Elimination of the residual foci of malaria transmission is a dynamic process, taking place mainly during the late stage of the attack and consolidation phases of malaria elimination. This approach is suitable for countries or areas that are targeting interruption of malaria transmission in their territories. Countries can plan for a selective elimination of P. falciparum foci in the first stage, to be expanded to P. vivax at a later stage when more resources and a stronger program are available. During the past 15 years several national malaria programs in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region adopted elimination strategies. It is the vision of the Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean to expand malaria-free areas at sub-regional level and to support new initiatives wherever feasible. These guidelines on the elimination of malaria transmission foci provide information on identification of foci of malaria transmission, epidemiological classification, selection and application of appropriate measures and monitoring and evaluation of implemented interventions. The publication is targeted at policy and decision makers, malaria program managers at national and sub-national levels, and field staff. It can also be used in training courses on planning and management of malaria elimination
Pneumonia causes almost 1 in 5 under-five deaths worldwide: more than 2 million children each year. It kills more children than any other disease - more than AIDS, malaria and measles combined. Yet lack of attention to the disease means too few children have access to currently available interventions. Preventing children under five from developng pneumonia in the first place is key. This joint UNICEF/WHO publication is designed to raise awareness and reduce child mortality from pneumonia, which will contribute to achieving the Millennium Development Goal on child mortality.
This fully updated edition of Infectious Disease Surveillance is for frontline public health practitioners, epidemiologists, and clinical microbiologists who are engaged in communicable disease control. It is also a foundational text for trainees in public health, applied epidemiology, postgraduate medicine and nursing programs. The second edition portrays both the conceptual framework and practical aspects of infectious disease surveillance. It is a comprehensive resource designed to improve the tracking of infectious diseases and to serve as a starting point in the development of new surveillance systems. Infectious Disease Surveillance includes over 45 chapters from over 100 contributors, and topics organized into six sections based on major themes. Section One highlights the critical role surveillance plays in public health and it provides an overview of the current International Health Regulations (2005) in addition to successes and challenges in infectious disease eradication. Section Two describes surveillance systems based on logical program areas such as foodborne illnesses, vector-borne diseases, sexually transmitted diseases, viral hepatitis healthcare and transplantation associated infections. Attention is devoted to programs for monitoring unexplained deaths, agents of bioterrorism, mass gatherings, and disease associated with international travel. Sections Three and Four explore the uses of the Internet and wireless technologies to advance infectious disease surveillance in various settings with emphasis on best practices based on deployed systems. They also address molecular laboratory methods, and statistical and geospatial analysis, and evaluation of systems for early epidemic detection. Sections Five and Six discuss legal and ethical considerations, communication strategies and applied epidemiology-training programs. The rest of the chapters offer public-private partnerships, as well lessons from the 2009-2010 H1N1 influenza pandemic and future directions for infectious disease surveillance.
The World Malaria Report 2019 provides a comprehensive update on global and regional malaria data and trends. The report tracks investments in malaria programs and research as well as progress across all intervention areas: prevention, diagnosis, treatment, elimination, and surveillance. It also includes dedicated chapters on the consequences of malaria on maternal infant and child health the "High Burden to High Impact" approach as well as biological threats to the fight against malaria. The 2019 report is based on information received from more than 80 countries and areas with ongoing malaria transmission. This information is supplemented by data from national household surveys and databases held by other organizations.
"We have a real opportunity now to make progress that will mean longer healthier lives for millions of people.