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Many emergency admissions to hospital are avoidable and many patients stay in hospital longer than is necessary. Improving the flow of patients through the system will be critical to the NHS's ability to cope with future winter pressures on urgent and emergency care services. At a time when NHS budgets are under significant pressure, the number of emergency admissions to hospitals is continuing to rise, albeit at a slower rate than in the past. More patients attending major A&E departments are now being admitted to hospital. In 2012-13, over a quarter of all patients attending major A&E departments were admitted, up from 19 per cent in 2003-04. The rise in emergency admissions is dominated by patients who stay less than two days (short-stay) in hospital. The main factors behind the increase in emergency admissions include the slowness with which the NHS has developed effective alternatives to admission to hospital. There are many local initiatives to prevent avoidable emergency admissions but limited evidence on what works. A lack of alignment between hospitals and community and local services in the hours they are open compromises efforts to avoid out-of- hours hospital admissions and prolongs the length of stay of inpatients. Among the NAO's recommendations is the need for both short-and long-term strategies to address staffing shortages in A&E. The Department and NHS England should also address barriers to seven-day working in hospitals, such as the consultants' contract, which gives consultants the right to refuse to work outside 7am to 7pm, Monday to Friday
Covering the issues, themes and principles that explain what it means to be a nurse today, this book provides the theory students need to know and applies it to the diverse patient groups and settings that students will encounter on their placements. Key features of the book are: · Introduces the core aspects of adult nursing · An evidence-based approach with discussion of literature, policy and research and suggested further reading for every chapter · Over 30 case studies to help students understand the realities of practice across a range of settings including primary care and the community · Stop and think boxes which challenge assumptions and encourage reflection · A companion website with sample questions for lecturers to use in seminars, multiple choice questions for student revision and free SAGE journal articles The book has been closely developed in line with the NMC Standards and Essential Skills Clusters and supports students across their entire degree programme as they develop into nurses of the future ready to deliver and lead care.
Despite considerable investments in health facilities worldwide, little systematic evidence is available on how to plan, design and build new facilities that maximize health gain and ensure that services are responsive to the legitimate expectations of users. This book brings together current knowledge about key dimensions of capital investment in the health sector.
The report “Dementia: a public health priority” has been jointly developed by WHO and Alzheimer's Disease International. The purpose of this report is to raise awareness of dementia as a public health priority, to articulate a public health approach and to advocate for action at international and national levels.
Sport is a global phenomenon engaging billions of people and generating annual revenues of more than US$ 145 billion. Problems in the governance of sports organisations, fixing of matches and staging of major sporting events have spurred action on many fronts. Yet attempts to stop corruption in sport are still at an early stage. The Global Corruption Report (GCR) on sport is the most comprehensive analysis of sports corruption to date. It consists of more than 60 contributions from leading experts in the fields of corruption and sport, from sports organisations, governments, multilateral institutions, sponsors, athletes, supporters, academia and the wider anti-corruption movement. This GCR provides essential analysis for understanding the corruption risks in sport, focusing on sports governance, the business of sport, planning of major events, and match-fixing. It highlights the significant work that has already been done and presents new approaches to strengthening integrity in sport. In addition to measuring transparency and accountability, the GCR gives priority to participation, from sponsors to athletes to supporters an essential to restoring trust in sport.
Health Policy and the NHS provides a thorough and up-to-date review of the changes in the structure and organisation of the health service. It focuses on how sucessive governments have approached problems of health care, their policy assumptions and the economic and political context of their decision making. Divided into four parts the text considers in turn: the foundations and framework of the NHS, policy issues within the NHS that dominated the government's policy agenda until the late 1980s, health and society and the critiques of health policy which developed in the late 1970s and 1980s, and new directions for health policy in the future.
"Aging affects us all and is characterized not only by increasing frailty but by increased susceptibility to conditions such as Alzheimer's, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. We are gaining an increasing understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying aging, however, and uncovering clues to how life may be prolonged. This book examines the biological basis of aging and research into strategies that may extend lifespan"--
This book discusses the current state of cancer pathway as it is relevant to sub-Saharan Africa and highlights differences in epidemiology and the underlying problems with management. It outlines the current practice and opinions in all forms of cancer, also highlighting future prospects. Starting by providing background information on the epidemiology and genomic variations, the book then goes on to look at Infection-related cancers and continues to prostate GI, breast cancer and ovarian and cervical cancer. The last part of the book focuses on delivery of affordable and accessible care. Palliative services and primary and transnational research, as well as clinical trials are also discussed. Written by a team of authors based in the UK, Nigeria, South Africa and the US. this book offers an overview of the current state and challenges of cancer care in sub-Saharan Africa, and it would be valuable to policy makers, researchers, funding organisations, and can be an adjunct to standard text books for students, residents and established doctors.