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Optical biosensors that utilize surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique to analyze the biomolecular interactions have been extensively explored in the last two decades and have become the gold standard for label-free biosensing. These powerful sensing tools allow fast, highly-sensitive monitoring of the interaction between biomolecules in real time, without the need for laborious fluorescent labeling, and have found widely ranging applications from biomedical diagnostics and drug discovery, to environmental sensing and food safety monitoring. However, the prism-coupling SPR geometry is complex and bulky, and has severely limited the integration of this technique into low-cost portable biomedical devices for point-of-care diagnostics and personal healthcare applications. Also, the complex prism-coupling scheme prevents the use of high numerical aperture (NA) optics to increase the spatial resolution for multi-channel, high-throughput detection in SPR imaging mode. This dissertation is focused on the design and fabrication of a promising new class of nanopatterned interferometric SPR sensors that integrate the strengths of miniaturized nanoplasmonic architectures with sensitive optical interferometry techniques to achieve bold advances in SPR biosensing. The nanosensor chips developed provide superior sensing performance comparable to conventional SPR systems, but employing a far simpler collinear optical transmission geometry, which largely facilitates system integration, miniaturization, and low-cost production. Moreover, the fabricated nanostructure-based SPR sensors feature a very small sensor footprint, allowing massive multiplexing on a chip for high-throughput detection. The successful transformation of SPR technique from bulky prism-coupling setup into this low-cost compact plasmonic platform would have a far-reaching impact on point-of-care diagnostic tools and also lead to advances in high-throughput sensing applications in proteomics, immunology, drug discovery, and fundamental cell biology research.
Biological and chemical warfare agents, including viruses, bacteria, and explosive and radioactive compounds, can induce illness or death in humans, animals, and plants. Plasmonic nanosensors as detection tools of these agents offer significant advantages, including rapid detection, sensitivity, selectivity, and portability. This book explores novel and updated research on different types of plasmonic nanosensors for analysis of biological and chemical threat agents. It covers a brief theory of plasmonic nanosensors, summarizes the state-of-art in the molecular recognition of biological and chemical threat agents, and describes the application of various types of nanosensors in the detection of these threat agents. This book • Brings together recent academic research from an interdisciplinary approach including chemistry, biology, and nanotechnology. • Discusses current trends and developments. • Describes applications of a variety of different types of plasmonic nanosensors. • Explores outlooks and expectations for this technology. Showcasing the latest achievements in plasmonic nanosensors, this book will appeal to researchers in materials, chemical, and environmental engineering as well as chemistry interested in exploring the application of sensors to support environmental monitoring and global health.
This is the model list and clearing house of appropriate, basic, and priority medical devices based on the list of clinical interventions selected from clinical guidelines on prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment, palliative care, monitoring, and end of life care. This publication addresses medical devices that can be used for the management of cancer and specifically describes medical devices for six types of cancer: breast, cervical, colorectal, leukemia, lung, and prostate. This book is intended for ministries of health, public health planners, health technology managers, disease management, researchers, policy makers, funding, and procurement agencies and support and advocacy groups for cancer patients.
In addition, a new approach for SPR analysis of carbohydrate interactions has been developed with fluorochemistry and calcinated SPR gold film. Fluoroalkysilane was used to provide a monolayer modification of the hydrophobic interface for effective capturing of carbohydrate probes through non-covalent interaction. Molecular recognition with various lectins was investigated by real-time kinetic study. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) channel chips were utilized that enabled parallel analysis for high-throughput detection of carbohydrate-protein interaction with SPR imaging technique. Matrix-free LDI-MS of the calcinated gold film and array is not compromised by the SAM coating, allowing for the development of new SPR-MS on-chip analysis. Finally, a novel label-free biosensing approach based on thin-film transmission interferometry (TTi) has been developed with nanoscale porous anodic alumina (PAA) film. The optical phenomenon of TTi has been successfully confirmed by simulation. Performance of TTi sensing in relation to the structural geometries of PAA nanofilm was studied, providing valuable insights into the optimization of TTi-substrate based on porosity, thickness, and pore diameter to achieve high biosensing sensitivity. This newly developed substrate also provides a convenient platform for biological studies of protein adsorption. As a surface-sensitive label-free detection, TTi shows a great potential to be incorporated into the ongoing on-chip SPR-MS biosensor development for achieving higher level of research possibilities.
This volume summarizes the state-of-the-art technologies, key advances and future trends in the field of label-free biosensing. It provides detailed insights into the different types of solid-state, label-free biosensors, their underlying transducer principles, advanced materials utilized, device-fabrication techniques and various applications. The book offers graduate students, academic researchers, and industry professionals a comprehensive source of information on all facets of label-free biosensing and the future trends in this flourishing field. Highlights of the subjects covered include label-free biosensing with: · semiconductor field-effect devices such as nanomaterial-modified capacitive electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor structures, silicon nanowire transistors, III-nitride semiconductor devices and light-addressable potentiometric sensors · impedimetric biosensors using planar and 3D electrodes · nanocavity and solid-state nanopore devices · carbon nanotube and graphene/graphene oxide biosensors · electrochemical biosensors using molecularly imprinted polymers · biomimetic sensors based on acoustic signal transduction · enzyme logic systems and digital biosensors based on the biocomputing concept · heat-transfer as a novel transducer principle · ultrasensitive surface plasmon resonance biosensors · magnetic biosensors and magnetic imaging devices
Manipulation of plasmonics from nano to micro scale. 1. Introduction. 2. Form-Birefringent metal and its plasmonic anisotropy. 3. Plasmonic photonic crystal. 4. Fourier plasmonics. 5. Nanoscale optical field localization. 6. Conclusions and outlook -- 11. Dielectric-loaded plasmonic waveguide components. 1. Introduction. 2. Design of waveguide dimensions. 3. Sample preparation and near-field characterization. 4. Excitation and propagation of guided modes. 5. Waveguide bends and splitters. 6. Coupling between waveguides. 7. Waveguide-ring resonators. 8. Bragg gratings. 9. Discussion-- 12. Manipulating nanoparticles and enhancing spectroscopy with surface plasmons. 1. Introduction. 2. Propulsion of gold nanoparticles with surface plasmon polaritons. 3. Double resonance substrates for surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy. 4. Conclusions and outlook -- 13. Analysis of light scattering by nanoobjects on a plane surface via discrete sources method. 1. Introduction. 2. Light scattering by a nanorod. 3. Light scattering by a nanoshell. 4. Summary -- 14. Computational techniques for plasmonic antennas and waveguides. 1. Introduction. 2. Time domain solvers. 3. Frequency domain solvers. 4. Plasmonic antennas. 5. Plasmonic waveguides. 6. Advanced structures. 7. Conclusions
Optics and photonics offer new and vibrant approaches to meeting the challenges of the 21st century concerning energy conservation, education, agriculture, personal health and the environment. One of the most effective ways to address these global problems is to provide updated and reliable content on light-based technologies. Optical thin films and meta-materials, lasers, optical communications, light-emitting diodes, solar cells, liquid crystal technology, nanophotonics and biophotonics all play vital roles in enriching our lives. We hope to raise readers’ awareness of how optical technologies are now promoting sustainable development and providing reliable solutions to basic human needs. Furthermore, in order to broaden new research fields, we hope to inspire them to pursue further cutting-edge breakthroughs on the basis of the accomplishments that have already been made.
One of the major challenges in analytical and biological sciences is to develop a device to obtain unambiguous chemical and structural properties of a material or a probe biomolecule with high reproducibility and ultra-high sensitivity. Moreover, in addition to such a high sensitivity, other cases such as minimum intrusiveness, small amounts of analyte, and short acquisition time and high reproducibility are key parameters that can be valued in any analytical measurements. Among the promising methods to achieve such endeavor plasmon-mediated surface-enhanced spectroscopic techniques, such as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), are considered as suitable options. Such techniques take advantage of the interaction between an optical field and a metallic nanostructure to magnify the electromagnetic (EM) field in the proximity of the nanostructure. This results in an amplified signal of the vibrational fingerprints of the adsorbed probe molecules onto the metallic surface. Keys to obtaining ultra-sensitive SERS measurements are the development of rationally-designed plasmonic nanostructures. Besides, a major challenge for controlled and reliable sensitive measurements of probe biomolecules on biological cells gives rise due to the intrinsic random positioning and proliferation of these cells over a substrate such as a glass coverslip. In this thesis, the rational design and development of a fluorocarbon thin film micropatterned platform is introduced for controlled programming of conventional and transfected cells proliferation over the substrate. They also provided high throughput capability of controlled neuronal network connections towards advanced imaging and sensitive detection of biomolecules of interest at nanoscale resolution. This micropatterned platform was also integrated with optimized plasmonic nanostructures fabricated by nanosphere lithography (NSL) for SERS biosensing of glycans using a Raman reporter over the positionally-controlled single cells surfaces. In addition to providing controlled plasmon-mediated measurements, the fabrications of two newly-developed 3D plasmonic nanostructures have been introduced in this thesis. These are nanopyramids arrays fabricated by NSL and arrays of nanoholes with co-registered nanocones fabricated by electron-beam lithography (EBL). These approaches have been used not only for ultra-sensitive molecular detection at the monolayer level in a variety of configurations, but also towards label-free single molecule detection at sub-femtomolar concentrations.
Optical Biosensors, Second Edition describes the principles of successful systems, examples of applications, and evaluates the advantages and deficiencies of each. It also addresses future developments on two levels: possible improvements in existing systems and emerging technologies that could provide new capabilities in the future. The book is formatted for ease of use and is therefore suitable for scientists and engineers, students and researcher at all levels in the field. Comprehensive analysis and review of the underlying principles by optical biosensors Updates and informs on all the latest developments and hot topic areas Evaluates current methods showing the advantages and disadvantages of various systems involved