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This volume explores the various functions and potential applications of mycorrhizas, including topics such as the dynamics of root colonization, soil carbon sequestration and the function of mycorrhizas in extreme environments. Some contributions focus on the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in various crop production processes, including soil management practices, their use as biofertilizers and in relation to medicinal plants. Other chapters elucidate the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the alleviation of plant water stress and of heavy metal toxicity, in the remediation of saline soils, in mining-site rehabilitation and in the reforestation of degraded tropical forests. In addition to their impact in ecosystems, the economic benefits of applying arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are discussed. A final chapter describes recent advances in the cultivation of edible mycorrhizal mushrooms.
The second edition of Mycorrhiza falls into a time period of excep tionally rapid growth in mycorrhizal research. Therefore the edi tors have been most pleased with the decision of the Springer Verlag to revise the first edition and to incorporate the remarkable advances experienced in the mycorrhizal field. The pace of discovery has been particularly fast at the two poles of biological complexity, the molecular events leading to changes in growth and differentiation, as well as the factors regulating the structure and diversity of natural populations and communities. Therefore the most significant changes introduced in the new edition of this book are found within these topics. Not only were many chapters up dated, but also new chapters have replaced existing ones. The individual decisions have not been easy, since valuable contribu tions had to be sacrificed in favour of new aspects; but the authors hope that a highly topical new edition will be of greatest benefit for a rapidly expanding field of research. We welcome comments and critics from readers. Since it was possible again to find leading scientists as contribu tors, we are confident that this revised second edition will stimulate further progress and contribute to a deeper understanding of advances in the mycorrhizal field. We are grateful to the Springer Verlag, especially Dr. Dieter Czeschlik, for his continued interest and active help. Dr. Maja Hilber-Bodmer and Dr.
Biochar Application: Essential Soil Microbial Ecology outlines the cutting-edge research on the interactions of complex microbial populations and their functional, structural, and compositional dynamics, as well as the microbial ecology of biochar application to soil, the use of different phyto-chemical analyses, possibilities for future research, and recommendations for climate change policy. Biochar, or charcoal produced from plant matter and applied to soil, has become increasingly recognized as having the potential to address multiple contemporary concerns, such as agricultural productivity and contaminated ecosystem amelioration, primarily by removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and improving soil functions. Biochar Application is the first reference to offer a complete assessment of the various impacts of biochar on soil and ecosystems, and includes chapters analyzing all aspects of biochar technology and application to soil, from ecogenomic analyses and application ratios to nutrient cycling and next generation sequencing. Written by a team of international authors with interdisciplinary knowledge of biochar, this reference will provide a platform where collaborating teams can find a common resource to establish outcomes and identify future research needs throughout the world. Includes multiple tables and figures per chapter to aid in analysis and understanding Includes a comprehensive table of the methods used within the contents, ecosystems, contaminants, future research, and application opportunities explored in the book Includes knowledge gaps and directions of future research to stimulate further discussion in the field and in climate change policy Outlines the latest research on the interactions of complex microbial populations and their functional, structural, and compositional dynamics Offers an assessment of the impacts of biochar on soil and ecosystems
The roots of most plants are colonized by symbiotic fungi to form mycorrhiza, which play a critical role in the capture of nutrients from the soil and therefore in plant nutrition. Mycorrhizal Symbiosis is recognized as the definitive work in this area. Since the last edition was published there have been major advances in the field, particularly in the area of molecular biology, and the new edition has been fully revised and updated to incorporate these exciting new developments. Over 50% new material Includes expanded color plate section Covers all aspects of mycorrhiza Presents new taxonomy Discusses the impact of proteomics and genomics on research in this area
The present book highlights importance of mycorrhiza in soil genesis wherein it reflects mycorrhizal occurrence and diversity, various tools to characterize them and its impact on soil formation/health together with crop productivity. The edited compendium provides glimpses on the mycorrhizal fungi and their prominent role in nutrient transfer into host plants, and presenting view on application of mycorrhiza for crop biofortification. It focuses on the mechanisms involve in weathering process employed by mycorrhiza with highlighting the current and advanced molecular approaches for studying mycorrhizal diversity. Further, book emphasizes following aspects in details: significance of AMF in phytoremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated sites, the role of mycorrhiza in soil genesis using scientometric approach, the concept of mycorrhizosphere, xenobiotic metabolism, molecular approaches for detoxifying the organic xenobiotics and the role of mycorrhizosphere in stabilizing the environment in an eco-friendly way. In addition, the book will be benign to researchers that involved in mycorrhiza characterization especially by deploying metagenomics/PCR based and non PCR based molecular techniques that may be utilized to study the microbial diversity and structure within the mycorrhizosphere.
Many plants benefit greatly from symbiotic relationship with soil fungi known as mycorrhizal fungi. These fungi live on and in the root systems of plants and provide nutrients to the plant in exchange for carbohydrates exuded by the plants. Some of the ecological uses of mycorrhizae include (i) enchancing plant growth and disease resistance (ii) improving transplant success (iii) building soil structure (iv) reducing fertilizer dependency and (v) accelerating revegetation of degraded lands. While over 80 percent of the terrestrial plants show mycorrhizal association, the depth of its application towards industries seems to be under-exploited. Moreover, severe deforestation and land degradation have removed the host plants from the habitats giving way to loss of diversity of the mycorrhizal fungi. Particularly, this problem is acute in the tropical region of the world, where various naturals calamities such as floods, landslides, fire, etc in addition to the human exploitation of natural resources have degraded the major part of the ecosystems. Although, causes are known, Strategies to rebuild the degraded systems remain bliss. There are many national and international journals that bring out the information about the mycorrhizal fungi and their symbiotic relationship with plants but the recent knowledge is almost in scattered state. This scattered information could be kept in a book to provide up-to-date information about mycorrhizal research especially being done in different corner of India. This book is a very selective monograph on mycorrhizae covering its different aspects. It is excellent collection of 21 articles dealing with different disciplines of mycorrhizae and mycorrhizal research carried out by Indian scientists. In order to consummate the collective ideas on mycorrhizal association, its diversity and applications, a number of themes have been identified for this book, including (i) Biodiversity and Ecological issues on mycorrhizal association (ii) Physiology and molecular biology of plant-mycorrhizal fungal interactions (iii) Potential industrial applications. It is doubtless to say that this book would be very useful to all scientists, teachers, students and readers whosoever in interested on mycology and mycological literature. Contents Chapter 1: Rhizoendomutualmycota (REMM): A New Phylum for the Farmers Friend Number One by S P Gautam and U S Patel; Chapter 2: Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in India by V S Mehrotra; Chapter 3: Diversity and Integration in Mycorrhizas: Meaning to Plant Ecology by Subhendu Chaudhuri and Birendranath Panja; Chapter 4: Mycorrhizal Biotechnology for Increasing Growth and Productivity of Fruit Plants by Pradeep B Patil and Chaya P Patil; Chapter 5: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis: An Overview of Research and Extension Needs by Mukesh K Meghvansi, K K Chaudhary and Kamal Prasad; Chapter 6: Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae: Modern Research Trends and Future Prospects by Ashok Aggarwal, Vipin Parkash, R S Mehrotra, Anil Gupta and Sunits Kaushish; Chapter 7: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Under the Dynamics of Rhizosphere by Shruti Chaturvedi, Nisha Verma and A K Sharma; Chapter 8: Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi Under the Dynamics of Rhizosphere by Shruti Chaturvedi, Nisha Verma and A K Sharma; Chapter 8: Arbuscular Mycorrhiza on Root-Organ Cultures by Nishi Mathur, Joginder Singh, Sachendra Bohra, Avinash Bohra and Anil Vyas; Chapter 9: Application of AM Technology for Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils by Harbans Kaur Kehri, Nidhi Sharma and Varun Khare; Chapter 10: Mycorrhizal Technology in Revegetation Practices in India Thar Desert by Nishi Mathur, Joginder Singh, Sachendra Bohra, Avinash Bohra and Anil Vyas; Chapter 11: Approaches to Utilize Native Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Association for Improving P Nutrition in Upland Rice Under Rainfed Ecosystem by D Maiti, M K Barnwal, R K Singh and S K Rana; Chapter 12: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Forest Tree Seedling Production by T Muthukumar and K Udaiyan; Chapter 13: Reclamation of Saline Soils through Arbuscular Mycorrhizae by Sudhir Chandra, Anshu Tiwari and H K Kehri; Chapter 14: Role of Mycorrhizal Association in Growth of Forest Trees by Lakshmi Tewari, Salil K Tewari and Rajesh Kaushal; Chapter 15: Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza in Artinorhizal Plants and their Management Implications by Kiran Bargali and S S Bargali; Chapter 16: Methods for Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Research by Purshotam Kaushik and Supriya Gaur; Chapter 17: Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Kaumaun Region of India Central Himalaya by Bhaskar Chaurasia, Anita Pandey and Lok Man S Palni; Chapter 18: Effect of AM Fungi on the Growth and Nutrition Uptake in Some Endemic Myristicaceae Members of the Western Ghats, India by P Rama Bhat and K M Kaveriappa; Chapter 19: Diversity of AM Fungi in Some Endemic Members of Myristicaceae of the Western Ghats, India by P Rama Bhat and K M Kaveriappa; Chapter 20: Role of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (Glomus aggregatum) Fungi on Plant Growth Promotion in Chickpea by Daljeet Singh and R S Singh; Chapter 21: Mycrorrhiza for Growth Enhancement and Pathogen Suppression in Black Pepper.
Mycorrhizal research has grown by leaps and bounds in the past few decades. These fungi promise to promote plant growth, maintain plant and soil health, assist in bio-protection against root diseases, encourage production with reduced fertilizer and pesticides, allow for nutrient acquisition, affect soil skeletal structure holding primary soil particles together, are conductive to the formation of microaggregate structures and higher rhizosphere populations, enable symbiosis that alters host water relations, as well as alter root length and architecture. These fungi also help with the re-vegetation of landscapes, golf courses or contaminated soils. They assist with the biological hardening of tissue culture raised plants, postpone leaf dehydration, draught responses, osmo-protecting enzymes and enhance P acquisition. AM symbiosis could conceivably affect any of these steps. AMF should be considered as an alternative to costly soil disinfection. The mechanisms by which fungi induce resistance in their hosts and enhance disease resistance need critical evaluation and examination. Editors see this volume as a tremendously valuable collection of specialized up-date chapters describing the most sophisticated and modern protocols in mycorrhizal research, thoroughly explained and synthesized.
Zusammenfassung: This 2-volume book is an up-to-date overview of current progress in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal (AMF) technique development, inoculum production and its quality regulations, application in agriculture, horticulture, agroforestry, and other ecosystems, along with nutrient management for sustainable food production. It contains the current advancement in basic and molecular techniques, challenges, opportunities, and determinates of various AMF production methods and major tools and techniques for their field application. Production and development of AMF is rapidly evolving and requires a multidisciplinary approach with up-to-date knowledge to broaden and strengthen the perspective of researchers involved in this domain. The volumes offer new insight and cutting-edge information for novices and experts such as students, academicians, researchers, environmentalists, industrialists, and others interested in mycorrhiza. The first volume covers some basic isolation techniques, enumeration, and molecular studies with recent advances in various in-vitro and in-vivo production technologies, regulatory issues, and application methodologies for field inoculation. It also discusses AMF application in various agroecosystems for sustainable agricultural production and a healthier planet