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Multiphoton dissociation (MPD) of ethyl chloride was studied using a tunable 3.3 .mu.m laser to excite CH stretches. The absorbed energy increases almost linearly with fluence, while for 10 .mu.m excitation there is substantial saturation. Much higher dissociation yields were observed for 3.3 .mu.m excitation than for 10 .mu.m excitation, reflecting bottlenecking in the discrete region of 10 .mu.m excitation. The resonant nature of the excitation allows the rate equations description for transitions in the quasicontinuum and continuum to be extended to the discrete levels. Absorption cross sections are estimated from ordinary ir spectra. A set of cross sections which is constant or slowly decreasing with increasing vibrational excitation gives good fits to both absorption and dissociation yield data. The rate equations model was also used to quantitatively calculate the pressure dependence of the MPD yield of SF6 caused by vibrational self-quenching. Between 1000-3000 cm−1 of energy is removed from SF6 excited to approx.> 60 kcal/mole by collision with a cold SF6 molecule at gas kinetic rate. Calculation showed the fluence dependence of dissociation varies strongly with the gas pressure. Infrared multiphoton excitation was applied to study thermal unimolecular reactions. With SiF4 as absorbing gas for the CO2 laser pulse, transient high temperature pulses were generated in a gas mixture. IR fluorescence from the medium reflected the decay of the temperature. The activation energy and the preexponential factor of the reactant dissociation were obtained from a phenomenological model calculation. Results are presented in detail. (WHK).
The competing reaction channels in the unimolecular decomposition of two molecules, formaldehyde and tetralin were studied. A TEA CO2 laser was used as the excitation source in all experiments. The dissociation of D2CO was studied by infrared multiphoton dissociation (MPD) and the small-molecule nature of formaldehyde with regard to MPD was explored. The effect of collisions in MPD were probed by the pressure dependence of the MPD yield and ir fluorescence from multiphoton excited D2CO. MPD yield shows a near cubic dependence in pure D2CO which is reduced to a 1.7 power dependence when 15 torr of NO is added. The peak amplitude of 5 .mu.m ir fluorescence from D2CO is proportional to the square of the D2CO pressure in pure D2CO or in the presence of 50 torr of Ar. Results are explained in terms of bottlenecks to excitation at the v = 1 level which are overcome by a combination of vibrational energy transfer and rotational relaxation. The radical/molecule branching ratio in D2CO MPD was 0.10 +- 0.02 at a fluence of 125 J/cm2 at 946.0 cm−1. The barrier height to molecular dissociation was calculated to be 3.6 +- 2.0 kcal/mole below the radical threshold or 85.0 +- 3.0 kcal/mole above the ground state of D2CO. In H2CO, this corresponds to 2.5 +- 2.0 kcal/mole below the radical threshold or 83.8 +- 3.0 kcal/mole above the ground state. Comparison with uv data indicate that RRKM theory is an acceptable description of formaldehyde dissociation in the 5 to 10 torr pressure range. The unimolecular decomposition of tetralin was studied by MPD and SiF4 - sensitized pyrolysis. Both techniques induce decomposition without the interference of catalytic surfaces. Ethylene loss is identified as the lowest energy reaction channel. Dehydrogenation is found to result from step-wise H atom loss. Isomerization via disproportionation is also identified as a primary reaction channel.
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Serves as a comprehensive introduction and overview of synaptic tagging and capture (STC) and covers the topic from molecular and cellular aspects to behavior. Circa 15 years ago the STC model was proposed to provide a conceptual basis for how short-term memories are transformed into long-term memories. Though the hypothesis remains unconfirmed due to technological limitations, the model is well consolidated and generally accepted in the field. Various researchers have investigated the cellular mechanisms for the formation of long-term memory using the STC model, but this is the first book-length treatments of STC. This volume features an introduction by Prof. Richard Morris and Prof. Cliff Abraham.
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