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The right to education has been violated by the extinction of alimony for young people who have reached 21 years of age and are in higher education. So this research is aimed at the problem in order to raise a proposal that makes a solution viable. The research line applied in the realization of this paper is “Challenges, Perspectives and Improvement of Legal Sciences in Ecuador”. The results that are pursued with this investigation is promote good compliance with the constitutional norms of Ecuador and avoid the violation of human rights. For this, the technique known as neutrosophic AHP was applied. This is a variant of the numerical AHP designed by Saaty, which by incorporating the neutrosophic sets, the uncertainty of decision-making is taken into account, in addition to the calculation with linguistic terms and the inclusion of indeterminacy. This technique will be applied to choose between two alternatives: the convenience or not of maintaining alimony in active students over the age of 21. This analysis is complicated due to the variables to be analyzed, which is why the versatility of the chosen mathematical technique is validated.
The main objective of this special issue is to divulge the applicability of the Neutrosophic Theory and to explore the possibilities and advantages of neutrosophic tools, through both the presentation of thorough research and case studies in solving social problems in Latin America. The best presentations discussed at the III International Congress of Educational Research and University Innovation, turned into papers, show us the capacity for socialization of neutrosophic knowledge and its link with this science of validation and consolidation of scientific knowledge. This publication with authors from 11 countries that we place in the hands of the international scientific community, constitutes an example of how in Latin America the Neutrosophy is contributing to complex solutions based on the results of scientific research carried out by teachers and students committed to the social responsibility of continuing to progress for the benefit of humanity.
This special issue reflects the impact of neutrosophic theory in Latin America, especially after creating the Latin American Association of Neutrosophic Sciences. Among the areas of publication most addressed in the region are found in the interrelation of social sciences and neutrosophy, presenting outstanding results in these research areas. The main objective of this special issue is to divulge the impact publication related to the Neutrosophic theory and explore new areas of research and application in the region. The SI reflects the influence of the neutrosophic publications in Latin America by opening new research areas mainly related to Neutrosophic Statistics, Plithogeny, and NeutroAlgebra. Furthermore, it is worth mentioning the incorporation of authors from new countries in the region, such as Paraguay, Uruguay, and Panama, to have authors in total from 15 countries, 12 of them from the Latin American region.
The recognition of rights associated with members of society with special characteristics is a reality in the management of governments at a global level. Making these rights effective and respected is a permanent task for the states, among which is Ecuador. That is why the objective of this research is to identify the main factors that affect the violation of the rights of priority attention groups in Ecuador. To meet the proposed objective, methods such as PESTEL analysis, Pareto's technique, Promethee, and TOPSIS were used. As a result, the factors that favor the violation of rights in each area analyzed were identified. Once the most important ones were found, actions were proposed based on them, and the most appropriate actions to mitigate them were obtained.
The right to housing leads to the integration of the human being into the family and sets the basis for integrating economic, social, and cultural participation. It is established and recognized in national and international regulations and public policies on the protection of Human Rights and the right to an adequate and dignified standard of living. The violation of the right to housing puts at risk the right of the human being to make a family, to health, to physical and mental integrity. Housing is essential for survival and the achievement of a life with security and comfort. From the current state, it is necessary and opportune to evaluate the legal system to determine the factors that cause deficiencies in the legal system and visualize the State's solutions to decent housing through public policies. For this, the modeling of Saaty's AHP and Neutrosophic TOPSIS methods were used. As a result, it is proposed to develop a necessary public policy and support low-income families to achieve a decent home.
“Neutrosophic Sets and Systems” has been created for publications on advanced studies in neutrosophy, neutrosophic set, neutrosophic logic, neutrosophic probability, neutrosophic statistics that started in 1995 and their applications in any field, such as the neutrosophic structures developed in algebra, geometry, topology, etc. Neutrosophy is a new branch of philosophy that studies the origin, nature, and scope of neutralities, as well as their interactions with different ideational spectra. This theory considers every notion or idea together with its opposite or negation and with their spectrum of neutralities in between them (i.e. notions or ideas supporting neither nor ). The and ideas together are referred to as . Neutrosophy is a generalization of Hegel's dialectics (the last one is based on and only). According to this theory every idea tends to be neutralized and balanced by and ideas - as a state of equilibrium. In a classical way , , are disjoint two by two. But, since in many cases the borders between notions are vague, imprecise, Sorites, it is possible that , , (and of course) have common parts two by two, or even all three of them as well. Neutrosophic Set and Neutrosophic Logic are generalizations of the fuzzy set and respectively fuzzy logic (especially of intuitionistic fuzzy set and respectively intuitionistic fuzzy logic).
State education departments and school districts face an important challenge in implementing a new law that requires disadvantaged students to be held to the same standards as other students. The new requirements come from provisions of the 1994 reauthorization of Title I, the largest federal effort in precollegiate education, which provides aid to "level the field" for disadvantaged students. Testing, Teaching, and Learning is written to help states and school districts comply with the new law, offering guidance for designing and implementing assessment and accountability systems. This book examines standards-based education reform and reviews the research on student assessment, focusing on the needs of disadvantaged students covered by Title I. With examples of states and districts that have track records in new systems, the committee develops a practical "decision framework" for education officials. The book explores how best to design assessment and accountability systems that support high levels of student learning and to work toward continuous improvement. Testing, Teaching, and Learning will be an important tool for all involved in educating disadvantaged studentsâ€"state and local administrators and classroom teachers.
The predominant view in economic theory until the crisis of the '70s, argued the great enterprise was the key player in the innovation process, this was conceived as an activity that unfolded in specific areas, with clear responsibilities and predetermined objectives. This operating structure of the innovative process was functional demand model that favored the standardization of production. The innovative process was developed predominantly by firms that had a domain oligopolistic market from which they made windfall with which financed the research and development activities. In this context, the role of SMEs in the innovation process is limited to covering the portion of the market that big companies left.
Updated in its 3rd edition, Basic Methods of Policy Analysis and Planning presents quickly applied methods for analyzing and resolving planning and policy issues at state, regional, and urban levels. Divided into two parts, Methods which presents quick methods in nine chapters and is organized around the steps in the policy analysis process, and Cases which presents seven policy cases, ranging in degree of complexity, the text provides readers with the resources they need for effective policy planning and analysis. Quantitative and qualitative methods are systematically combined to address policy dilemmas and urban planning problems. Readers and analysts utilizing this text gain comprehensive skills and background needed to impact public policy.
For undergradute social science majors. A textbook on the interpretation and use of research. Annotation copyright Book News, Inc. Portland, Or.