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These are the Proceedings of the Yohkoh 10th Anniversary Meeting, a COSPAR Colloquium held in Kona, Hawaii, USA, on January 20-24, 2002. The title of the meeting was Multi-Wavelength Observations of Coronal Structure and Dynamics. In these proceedings the many and varied advances of the dynamics solar atmosphere in the past ten years of observations by Yohkoh have been reviewed.
Multi-wavelength observations from various solar missions have revealed the dynamic nature of the solar corona. The work presented in this thesis represents a contribution towards understanding some of the physical mechanisms that drive the activity observed in the corona and out into the heliosphere. In particular, the role of reconnection in active region (AR) outflows and AR-coronal hole (CH) interactions using observations of the associated plasma flow signatures and their relationship to the underlying magnetic field topology is examined. Persistent outflows discovered by Hinode EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) occur at the boundary of all ARs over monopolar magnetic regions. It is demonstrated that the outflows originate from specific locations of the magnetic topology where field lines display strong gradients of magnetic connectivity, namely quasi-separatrix layers (QSLs). Magnetic reconnection at QSLs is shown to be a viable mechanism for driving AR outflows which are likely sources of the slow solar wind. Observational signatures and consequences of interchange reconnection (IR) are identified and analyzed in a number of solar configurations. Jet light curves of several emission lines show a post-jet enhancement in cooler coronal lines which has not been previously observed. In the case of emerging flux near a CH, it is shown that closed loops forming between the AR and CH leads to the retreat of the CH and a dimming of the corona in the vicinity of the like-polarity region. A filament eruption and coronal mass ejection (CME) from an AR inside a CH are observed from the solar disk into the heliosphere. An anemone structure of the erupting AR and the passage in-situ of an interplanetary CME (ICME) with open magnetic topology are interpreted to be a direct result of IR. Plasma flows resulting from the interaction between an AR embedded in a CH observed by Hinode EIS are investigated. Velocity profiles of hotter coronal lines reveal intensification in outflow velocities prior to a CME. The AR's plasma flows are compared with 3D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) numerical simulations which show that expansion of AR loops drives outflows along the neighboring CH field. The intensification of outflows observed prior to the CME is likely to result from the expansion of a flux rope containing a filament further compressing the neighboring CH field.
The conversion of energy generated in the Sun's interior creates its hot corona and a wealth of dynamical phenomena such as flares and mass ejections. Based on recent significant progress in understanding magnetic reconnection and a wealth of new observations of energetic particle signatures from the sun, the present volume reviews the current theoretical and experimental status in the field. Paying attention to both the details and the broader picture, this book addresses both the experienced researcher as well as non-specialist researchers from related areas and postgraduate students.
These are the proceedings of the Symposium 3 of JENAM 2011 on new scientific challenges posed by the Sun. The topics covered are 1. The unusual sunspot minimum, which poses challenges to the solar dynamo theory 2. The Sun’s Terra-Hertz emission, which opens a new observational window 3. Corona wave activity 4. Space weather agents - initiation, propagation, and forecasting In 21 in-depth contributions, the reader will be presented with the latest findings.
This illustrated monograph explores the fundamentals, current practice, and theoretical perspectives of modern plasma astrophysics. The opening part covers basic principles and practical tools for understanding and working with plasma astrophysics. The second section examines the physics of magnetic reconnection and flares of electromagnetic origin in space plasmas in the solar system, and more. Designed mainly for professional researchers, it will be useful to graduate students in space sciences and geophysics.
The First Edition of The Sun from Space, completed in 1999, focused on the early accomplishments of three solar spacecraft, SOHO, Ulysses, and Yohkoh, primarily during a minimum in the Sun’s 11-year cycle of magnetic activity. The comp- hensive Second Edition includes the main ndings of these three spacecraft over an entire activity cycle, including two minima and a maximum, and discusses the signi cant results of six more solar missions. Four of these, the Hinode, RHESSI, STEREO, and TRACE missions were launched after the First Edition was either nished or nearly so, and the other two, the ACE and Wind spacecraft, extend our investigations from the Sun to its varying input to the Earth. The Second Edition does not contain simple updates or cosmetic patch ups to the material in the First Edition. It instead contains the relevant discoveries of the past decade, integrated into chapters completely rewritten for the purpose. This provides a fresh perspective to the major topics of solar enquiry, written in an enjoyable, easily understood text accessible to all readers, from the interested layperson to the student or professional.
Magnetism defines the complex and dynamic solar corona. It determines the magnetic loop structure that dominates images of the corona, and stores the energy necessary to drive coronal eruptive phenomena and flare explosions. At great heights the corona transitions into the ever-outflowing solar wind, whose speed and three-dimensional morphology are controlled by the global coronal magnetic field. Coronal magnetism is thus at the heart of any understanding of the nature of the corona, and essential for predictive capability of how the Sun affects the Earth. Coronal magnetometry is a subject that requires a concerted effort to draw together the different strands of research happening around the world. Each method provides some information about the field, but none of them can be used to determine the full 3D field structure in the full volume of the corona. Thus, we need to combine them to understand the full picture. The purpose of this Frontiers Research Topic on Coronal Magnetometry is to provide a forum for comparing and coordinating these research methods, and for discussing future opportunities.
These Proceedings present the most recent results from the highly successful international solar space missions (SOHO, CORONAS-F, TRACE, RHESSI, YOHKOH) and ground observatories around the Earth, reported at the IAU Symposium 223 held in St. Petersburg, Russia, June 14-19, 2004. These include discussions of the current theories of solar dynamics and activity, new constraints provided by the multi-wavelength observations of the Sun from the interior to the heliosphere, as well as discussions of future coordinated plans and efforts of multi-wavelength investigations of the Sun. The Proceedings contain the material of seven plenary sessions and three round-table discussions
Significant advances have been made recently in both the theoretical understanding and observation of small-scale turbulence in different layers of the Sun, and in the instabilities that give rise to them. The general development of solar physics, however, has led to such a degree of specialization as to hinder interaction between workers in the field. This book therefore presents studies of different layers and regions of the Sun, but from the same aspect, concentrating on the study of small-scale motions. The main emphasis is on the common theoretical roots of these phenomena, but the book also contains an extensive treatment of the observational aspects.