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This review first discusses mould release and then addresses mould fouling. Significant material and process variables are considered first and then practical guidance on the selection of release agents and surface treatments are addressed. This is followed by advice on mould cleaning and the assessment of mould sticking and mould fouling. An additional indexed section containing several hundred abstracts from the Rapra Polymer Library database gives useful references for further reading.
Annotation Injection moulding is one of the most commonly used processing technologies for plastics materials. Proper machine set up, part and mould design, and material selection can lead to high quality production. This review outlines common factors to check when preparing to injection mould components, so that costly mistakes can be avoided. This review examines the different types of surface defects that can be identified in plastics parts and looks at ways of solving these problems. Useful flow charts to illustrate possible ways forward are included. Case studies and a large b257 of figures make this a very useful report.
The 8th Smithers Rapra conference on Latex and Synthetic Polymer Dispersions gave a very broad picture of the industry. These proceedings cover all the presentations from the two day event which included: The scientific principles underlying latex dipping were described by Professor C. C. Ho, and Dr, Aik Hwee Eng of Ansell spoke about a modern result of dipping - the antimicrobial glove. Very interesting observations about the allergenic potential of synthetic latex gloves compared to those dipped from natural rubber were made by Hardi Tamm of Korymbos. The use of gamma radiation from the very start of the process, as a means of prevulcanization, to the end of the production process, in sterilization, was described by Dr. Rosamma Alex of the Rubber Research Institute of India and Eric Beers of Nordion respectively. The versatility of natural latex was demonstrated in a paper by Dr. Azura of Universiti Sains Malaysia, who showed us how it can be used for the cleaning of compression moulds. Innovative polymer synthesis in the manufacture of latex dispersions was presented by Dr. Joachim Storsberg of the Fraunhofer Institute, and Dr. Soeren Butz of Synthomer told how more clever chemistry could be used to "e;tailor-make"e; pressure sensitive adhesives. The environmental side of the industry was not forgotten, with two presentations from the Malaysian Rubber Board - Muhammad D Syraarani describing an environmentally friendly method for the analysis of magnesium in latex and Dr. Devaraj Veerasamy presenting the use of ultrafiltration to process latex. In a similar vein, Prof. Khairah Haji Badri, of the Universiti Tun Abdul Rahman showed how natural resources such as palm oil can be used to create useful polymers. David Hill of David Hill and Associates described how to carry out Process Validation of dipped condoms and gloves, and the delegates were told how the newest latex for dipping - synthetic polyiosprene - compares with the oldest - natural rubber - by Dr. Bert Krutzer of Kraton. The conference ended with Dr. Siby Varghese of the Rubber Research Institute of India, and Prof. Sabu Thomas of the Mahatma Gandhi University describing recent advances and applications in the field of nanotechnology.
This Rapra Review Report examines the use of biocides in plastics with reference to material types and application requirements. The commonly available biocides are reviewed and details of their strengths and weaknesses are provided. The author reviews the frequently used test methods for fungi and bacteria, and, in an ever-changing regulatory environment, explores the influence of legislation on the current and future use of such biocides. This detailed and state-of-the-art review is supported by an indexed section containing several hundred key references and abstracts selected from the Polymer Library database.
This Rapra Review Report, Coatings and Inks for Food Contact Materials, has attempted to cover all of the coatings and inks products used in food contact scenarios. In practice, this encompasses an extremely wide range of polymer systems and formulations, and an emphasis has been placed on coatings and inks used in food packaging, as this is usually regarded as representing the most important application category with respect to the potential for migration to occur. In addition to a thorough introduction of the polymers and additives that are used to produce coatings and inks, there are also chapters covering the regulation of these materials, the migration and analytical tests that are performed on them to assess their suitability for food contact applications, the migration data that have been published, and the areas in the field that are receiving the most attention for research and development. The report is accompanied by around 400 abstracts compiled from the Polymer Library, to facilitate further reading on this subject.
Annotation The review focuses on the use of pharmaceutical polymer for controlled drug delivery applications. Examples of pharmaceutical polymers and the principles of controlled drug delivery are outlined and applications of polymers for controlled drug delivery are described. The field of controlled drug delivery is vast therefore this review aims to provide an overview of the applications of pharmaceutical polymers. The review is accompanied by approximately 250 abstracts taken from papers and books in the Rapra Polymer Library database, to facilitate further reading on this subject.
A very important factor in obtaining optimised physical properties from a semi-crystalline polymer is the size of the crystalline structures present in the material, and this crucially depends on the initiation process of crystallisation of the polymer from the melt - nucleation. This review provides information on the development of materials and methods for influencing the nucleation of polymer crystallisation in commercial processing by means of addition of low levels of adjuvants specifically selected for this purpose.