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Excerpt from Mosaic Diseases of Wheat and Related Cereals Mosaics are known to occur on winter wheat in 44 counties in 7 States in the United States. The distribution of these diseases is becoming more extended each year, and while they are very destructive under certain conditions there is no cause for alarm because some of these mosaics are controlled by means of resistant or tolerant wheats, All tests conducted thus far have Shown that the viruses occurring east of the Mississippi River are carried In some manner in the soil, the new wheat crop becoming infected therefrom. Tests which have been made with soils from the mosaic-infested areas west of the Mississippi River have given no evidence that the viruses are carried in the soil. Seven wheat mosaics considered distinct are described at tempera tures near 600 F. With a daily photoperiod of 8 hours. These condi tions are taken as standard because the winter-wheat plant responds in an essentially normal manner during the tiller-formation period and because the mosaic symptoms are comparable to those occurring in the field during the early spring growth period. The characteristics of these mosaics are summarized. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
The small grain cereals wheat, barley, oats and rye are cultivated worldwide. They form the foundation of most agricultural systems and are essential in the manufacture of staple products such as bread, pasta and fermented beverages. Reflecting the global and economic importance of cereal crops, this book aims to make identification of diseases aff
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Yield loss due to disease results from complex interactions between disease development and growth and development of plants. The effects of an Illinois isolate of wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) on yield of selected hard red spring wheat and soft red winter wheat cultivars were evaluated in three studies. In spring and fall of 1993 and 1994, twenty hard red spring wheat cultivars and fourteen soft winter wheat cultivars were planted in yield plots with three replications in a randomised complete block (RCB) design. Seedlings were mechanically inoculated at Feeke's growth stage 2 using an air brush. Controls were non-inoculated plots. Symptoms were rated every 7-8 days beginning one week after inoculation using a 0 to 5 scale, where 0 was no symptoms and 5 was severe stunting and chlorosis. The grain yield, 1,000 kernel weight and plant height were analyzed. There were significant differences among some cultivars for all the traits. Yield reductions in 1993 were greater than in 1994 which may have been caused by the differences in the environmental conditions. In the second study the response of three hard red spring wheat cultivars and four soft winter wheat cultivars when inoculated at different growth stages with WSMV were evaluated in yield plots in a RCB design with 3 replications. Seedlings were mechanically inoculated using an air brush at Feeke's growth stages of 2, 4, 6 and 8. Controls were noninoculated plots. Symptoms were rated as above. The response of the wheat cultivars to inoculation with WSMV at different growth stages was significant (Pr $>$ F = 0.0001) using repeated measures analysis. Analysis using ANOVA and FLSD mean separation showed significant differences in grain yield, 1000 kernel weight and height (P $
This book is a timely compilation of synthesized information on behaviourally fascinating and economically important mites. The book gives much attention to fundamental aspects of eriophyoid anatomy, behaviour, ecology and even systematics, as bases for understanding the ways of life of eriophyoid mites and their effects on host plants; in turn, this will lead to developing the most appropriate means of regulating mites as detrimental or beneficial organisms. It presents new views intended to stimulate interest in eriophyoids and their enemies, and it points to areas where further research is needed. This book is intended for extension workers, experts of acarology and plant protection as well as students, teachers and researchers. It stimulates readers to critically test the view presented and aimes ultimately toward environmentally safe, sustainable and economically efficient means of regulating detrimental and beneficial eriophyoid mites.
Many well-known specialists have contributed to this book which presents for the first time an in-depth look at the viruses, their satellites and the retrotransposons infecting (or occuring in) one plant family: the Poaceae (Gramineae). After molecular and biological descriptions of the viruses to species level, virus diseases are presented by crop: barley, maize, rice, rye, sorghum, sugarcane, triticales, wheats, forage, ornamental and lawn. A detailed index of the viruses and taxonomic lists will help readers in the search for information.